महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-37, verse-12

शृङ्ग्युवाच ।
योऽसौ वृद्धस्य तातस्य तथा कृच्छ्रगतस्य च ।
स्कन्धे मृतमवास्राक्षीत्पन्नगं राजकिल्बिषी ॥१२॥

12. śṛṅgyuvāca ,
yo'sau vṛddhasya tātasya tathā kṛcchragatasya ca ,
skandhe mṛtamavāsrākṣītpannagaṁ rājakilbiṣī.

12. śṛṅgī uvāca | yaḥ asau vṛddhasya tātasya tathā kṛcchragatasya
ca | skandhe mṛtam avāsrākṣīt pannagam rājakilbiṣī

12. Śṛṅgī said: "That sinner, who placed a dead snake on the shoulder of my aged father, who was in such a state of difficulty, that king who committed this offense against a brahmin –"

Words meanings summery:

• शृङ्गी (śṛṅgī) - The sage Śṛṅgī, son of Śamīka (Śṛṅgī (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Śṛṅgī said (said, spoke)

• यः (yaḥ) - He who (refers to the king) (who, which)

• असौ (asau) - That (person), referring to the king (that one, he, she, it)

• वृद्धस्य (vṛddhasya) - of his aged father (of the old, aged)

• तातस्य (tātasya) - of his father (of the father)

• तथा (tathā) - and in that state (of difficulty) (thus, so, in that way)

• कृच्छ्रगतस्य (kṛcchragatasya) - of one who was in distress (of one who has fallen into difficulty, distressed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• स्कन्धे (skandhe) - on the shoulder (of his father) (on the shoulder)

• मृतम् (mṛtam) - a dead (snake) (dead)

• अवास्राक्षीत् (avāsrākṣīt) - he placed (the snake) (he cast, threw, placed)

• पन्नगम् (pannagam) - a snake (snake, serpent)

• राजकिल्बिषी (rājakilbiṣī) - that king, who committed this offense (against a brahmin) (a king who committed a sin)

Words meanings and morphology

शृङ्गी (śṛṅgī) - The sage Śṛṅgī, son of Śamīka (Śṛṅgī (proper name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śṛṅgin

śṛṅgin - horned; name of a sage

उवाच (uvāca) - Śṛṅgī said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - He who (refers to the king) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

असौ (asau) - That (person), referring to the king (that one, he, she, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one, he, she, it

वृद्धस्य (vṛddhasya) - of his aged father (of the old, aged)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged; grown, increased

past participle

from vṛdh

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

तातस्य (tātasya) - of his father (of the father)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father

तथा (tathā) - and in that state (of difficulty) (thus, so, in that way)

(indeclinable)

कृच्छ्रगतस्य (kṛcchragatasya) - of one who was in distress (of one who has fallen into difficulty, distressed)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṛcchragata

kṛcchragata - fallen into difficulty, distressed

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛcchra+gata)

• kṛcchra – difficulty, distress, pain
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, reached, obtained
  adjective
  past participle
  from gam
  Root: gam (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

स्कन्धे (skandhe) - on the shoulder (of his father) (on the shoulder)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of skandha

skandha - shoulder, trunk, main body

मृतम् (mṛtam) - a dead (snake) (dead)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased

past participle

from mṛ

Root: mṛ (class 6)

अवास्राक्षीत् (avāsrākṣīt) - he placed (the snake) (he cast, threw, placed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of sṛj

Prefix: ava

Root: sṛj (class 6)

पन्नगम् (pannagam) - a snake (snake, serpent)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pannaga

pannaga - snake, serpent

राजकिल्बिषी (rājakilbiṣī) - that king, who committed this offense (against a brahmin) (a king who committed a sin)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājakilbiṣin

rājakilbiṣin - a king who commits a sin

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rājan+kilbiṣa)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• kilbiṣa – sin, fault, offense
  noun (neuter)