महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-37, verse-18

राज्ञा परिक्षिता कोपादशपं तमहं नृपम् ।
यथार्हति स एवोग्रं शापं कुरुकुलाधमः ॥१८॥

18. rājñā parikṣitā kopādaśapaṁ tamahaṁ nṛpam ,
yathārhati sa evograṁ śāpaṁ kurukulādhamaḥ.

18. rājñā parikṣitā kopāt aśapam tam aham nṛpam
yathā arhati sa eva ugram śāpam kurukulādhamah

18. Having heard of this outrage committed against you, Father, by that wicked King Parikshit, I, in my anger, cursed that king. Indeed, as that vilest of the Kuru lineage deserves, a terrible curse [was pronounced upon him].

Words meanings summery:

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by King Parikshit (by the king)

• परिक्षिता (parikṣitā) - by Parikshit (proper noun) (by Parikshit)

• कोपात् (kopāt) - from anger (from anger, due to anger)

• अशपम् (aśapam) - I cursed

• तम् (tam) - that (king) (him, that (masculine, accusative))

• अहम् (aham) - I

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - king (king (accusative))

• यथा (yathā) - as (as, just as, according to)

• अर्हति (arhati) - deserves (deserves, is worthy of)

• स (sa) - he (he, that (masculine, nominative))

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)

• उग्रम् (ugram) - terrible (terrible, fierce, violent)

• शापम् (śāpam) - curse (curse (accusative))

• कुरुकुलाधमह् (kurukulādhamah) - vilest of the Kuru lineage (lowest of the Kuru family)

Words meanings and morphology

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by King Parikshit (by the king)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

Note: Refers to Parikshit as the agent of the dharṣaṇā.

परिक्षिता (parikṣitā) - by Parikshit (proper noun) (by Parikshit)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of parikṣit

parikṣit - Parikshit (name of a king)

Note: Qualifies rājñā.

कोपात् (kopāt) - from anger (from anger, due to anger)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kopa

kopa - anger, wrath, fury

From root kup (to be angry).

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Indicates cause.

अशपम् (aśapam) - I cursed

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of śap

Imperfect tense.

Root: śap (class 1)

तम् (tam) - that (king) (him, that (masculine, accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of aśapam.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of aśapam.

नृपम् (nṛpam) - king (king (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (literally 'man-protector')

From nṛ (man) + pa (protector).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• pa – protector, preserver, drinking
  noun/agent noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Object of aśapam.

यथा (yathā) - as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

अर्हति (arhati) - deserves (deserves, is worthy of)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of arh

Present tense.

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Subject is sa / kurukulādhamah.

स (sa) - he (he, that (masculine, nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of arhati.

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

उग्रम् (ugram) - terrible (terrible, fierce, violent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ugra

ugra - terrible, fierce, violent, formidable, cruel

शापम् (śāpam) - curse (curse (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāpa

śāpa - curse, imprecation, oath

action noun

From root śap (to curse).

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Object of arhati.

कुरुकुलाधमह् (kurukulādhamah) - vilest of the Kuru lineage (lowest of the Kuru family)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurukulādhama

kurukulādhama - lowest of the Kuru family, vilest of the Kuru lineage

Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (kurukula+adhama)

• kurukula – Kuru family, Kuru lineage
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of Kuru (proper noun) and kula (family).
• adhama – lowest, vilest, worst, inferior
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Subject of arhati, in apposition to sa.