महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-37, verse-17

दुःखाच्चाश्रूणि मुमुचे पितरं चेदमब्रवीत् ।
श्रुत्वेमां धर्षणां तात तव तेन दुरात्मना ॥१७॥

17. duḥkhāccāśrūṇi mumuce pitaraṁ cedamabravīt ,
śrutvemāṁ dharṣaṇāṁ tāta tava tena durātmanā.

17. duḥkhāt ca aśrūṇi mumuce pitaram ca idam abravīt
śrutvā imām dharṣaṇām tāta tava tena durātmanā

17. And from sorrow, he shed tears and spoke this to his father: 'Father, having heard of this outrage committed against you by that wicked soul...'

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - from sorrow (from sorrow, from pain)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अश्रूणि (aśrūṇi) - tears

• मुमुचे (mumuce) - shed (tears) (released, shed, emitted)

• पितरम् (pitaram) - father (father (accusative))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• इदम् (idam) - this (word/speech) (this (neuter))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• इमाम् (imām) - this (this (feminine, accusative))

• धर्षणाम् (dharṣaṇām) - outrage (outrage, insult, attack, violation)

• तात (tāta) - father (as an address) (father, dear one, my child (vocative))

• तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

• तेन (tena) - by him (by that, by him (masculine/neuter, instrumental))

• दुरात्मना (durātmanā) - by that wicked soul/person (by the wicked-minded one, by the evil soul)

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - from sorrow (from sorrow, from pain)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, distress, trouble, misery

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अश्रूणि (aśrūṇi) - tears

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of aśru

aśru - tear, teardrop

Note: Object of mumuce.

मुमुचे (mumuce) - shed (tears) (released, shed, emitted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (Lit) of muc

Root: muc (class 6)

पितरम् (pitaram) - father (father (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Object of abravīt.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this (word/speech) (this (neuter))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, now

Note: Object of abravīt. Refers to the speech that follows.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

इमाम् (imām) - this (this (feminine, accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, here, now

Note: Agrees with dharṣaṇām.

धर्षणाम् (dharṣaṇām) - outrage (outrage, insult, attack, violation)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dharṣaṇā

dharṣaṇā - outrage, insult, attack, violation, challenge, arrogance

action noun

From root dhṛṣ (to be bold, to dare) + suffix -ana (feminine).

Root: dhṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of śrutvā.

तात (tāta) - father (as an address) (father, dear one, my child (vocative))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, friend, dear one (term of endearment or respect, often used by a child to a father, or a superior to an inferior, or between friends)

तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvam

tvam - you (pronoun)

Note: Qualifies dharṣaṇām - 'outrage against you'.

तेन (tena) - by him (by that, by him (masculine/neuter, instrumental))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agent of dharṣaṇām.

दुरात्मना (durātmanā) - by that wicked soul/person (by the wicked-minded one, by the evil soul)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - wicked-minded, evil soul, vicious, malicious

Formed with prefix dur- (bad, difficult) + ātman (self, soul, mind).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+ātman)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill, hard
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, mind, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with tena.