महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-197, verse-29

उक्तमेतन्मया राजन्पुरा गुणवतस्तव ।
दुर्योधनापराधेन प्रजेयं विनशिष्यति ॥२९॥

29. uktametanmayā rājanpurā guṇavatastava ,
duryodhanāparādhena prajeyaṁ vinaśiṣyati.

29. uktam etat mayā rājan purā guṇavataḥ tava
duryodhanāparādhena prajā iyam vinaśiṣyati

29. O virtuous King, I told you this before: this populace will surely perish because of Duryodhana's offense.

Words meanings summery:

• उक्तम् (uktam) - said, spoken, told

• एतत् (etat) - this, that

• मया (mayā) - by me

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• पुरा (purā) - before, formerly, previously

• गुणवतः (guṇavataḥ) - to the virtuous one, of the virtuous one

• तव (tava) - your, to you

• दुर्योधनापराधेन (duryodhanāparādhena) - due to Duryodhana's offense, by Duryodhana's transgression

• प्रजा (prajā) - populace, subjects, progeny, people

• इयम् (iyam) - this, she

• विनशिष्यति (vinaśiṣyati) - will perish, will be destroyed

Words meanings and morphology

उक्तम् (uktam) - said, spoken, told

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, told, declared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vac (to speak) with suffix -kta. Initial va changes to u.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Participle acting as a noun in neuter singular.

एतत् (etat) - this, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

पुरा (purā) - before, formerly, previously

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

गुणवतः (guṇavataḥ) - to the virtuous one, of the virtuous one

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of guṇavat

guṇavat - endowed with qualities, virtuous, meritorious

Possessive suffix -vat.

Note: Refers to Dhritarashtra. Can also be genitive, but dative fits the context of 'told to'.

तव (tava) - your, to you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Often functions as an adjective 'your' or dative 'to you'. Here, it qualifies 'guṇavataḥ'.

दुर्योधनापराधेन (duryodhanāparādhena) - due to Duryodhana's offense, by Duryodhana's transgression

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of duryodhanāparādha

duryodhanāparādha - Duryodhana's offense/transgression

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duryodhana+aparādha)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• aparādha – offense, transgression, fault
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: apa
  Root: rādh (class 5)

प्रजा (prajā) - populace, subjects, progeny, people

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prajā

prajā - people, subjects, populace, progeny, creation

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

इयम् (iyam) - this, she

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, she, it

Note: Refers to 'prajā'.

विनशिष्यति (vinaśiṣyati) - will perish, will be destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vinaś

Future tense

vi (prefix) + naś (root) + future sign sya + 3rd singular ending ti.

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)