महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-197, verse-1

विदुर उवाच ।
राजन्निःसंशयं श्रेयो वाच्यस्त्वमसि बान्धवैः ।
न त्वशुश्रूषमाणेषु वाक्यं संप्रतितिष्ठति ॥१॥

1. vidura uvāca ,
rājanniḥsaṁśayaṁ śreyo vācyastvamasi bāndhavaiḥ ,
na tvaśuśrūṣamāṇeṣu vākyaṁ saṁpratitiṣṭhati.

1. viduraḥ uvāca | rājan niḥsaṃśayam śreyaḥ vācyaḥ tvam asi
bāndhavaiḥ | na tu aśuśrūṣamāṇeṣu vākyam saṃpratitiṣṭhati

1. Vidura said, 'O King, you are undoubtedly someone who should be advised by your relatives for your welfare. However, advice does not take root among those who refuse to listen.'

Words meanings summery:

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura (the half-brother of Dhritarashtra and Pandu, known for his wisdom) (Vidura)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (Dhritarashtra) (O king)

• निःसंशयम् (niḥsaṁśayam) - without doubt, undoubtedly

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - welfare, good, superior

• वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - to be spoken, to be told, advisable

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• असि (asi) - you are

• बान्धवैः (bāndhavaiḥ) - by relatives, by kin

• न (na) - not

• तु (tu) - but, however

• अशुश्रूषमाणेषु (aśuśrūṣamāṇeṣu) - among those not wishing to listen, among the disobedient

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, advice

• संप्रतितिष्ठति (saṁpratitiṣṭhati) - stands firm, takes effect, holds good

Words meanings and morphology

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura (the half-brother of Dhritarashtra and Pandu, known for his wisdom) (Vidura)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - wise, intelligent; name of a wise minister

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active indicative

From √vac, class 2 verb.

Root: vac (class 2)

राजन् (rājan) - O King (Dhritarashtra) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Addressing Dhritarashtra.

निःसंशयम् (niḥsaṁśayam) - without doubt, undoubtedly

(indeclinable)

Bahuvrīhi compound, used adverbially.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+saṃśaya)

• nis – out, forth, without
  prefix/indeclinable
• saṃśaya – doubt, uncertainty, hesitation
  noun (masculine)
  From √śi (to lie, rest) with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śi (class 2)

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - welfare, good, superior

(noun)

neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - better, superior, more excellent; welfare, good fortune, bliss

Comparative form of 'śrī' (prosperity, fortune) or derived from √śrī.

Root: śrī (class 1)

Note: Often takes the sense of 'good' or 'welfare'.

वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - to be spoken, to be told, advisable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vācya

vācya - to be spoken, to be said, to be told, fit to be spoken

Gerundive/Passive Participle of Future Obligation

From √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'tvam'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

2nd person pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'asi'.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present active indicative

From √as (to be), class 2 verb.

Root: as (class 2)

बान्धवैः (bāndhavaiḥ) - by relatives, by kin

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāndhava

bāndhava - kinsman, relative, friend

From 'bandhu' (relative).

Note: Agent of the passive verb/participle 'vācyaḥ'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'saṃpratitiṣṭhati'.

तु (tu) - but, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

अशुश्रूषमाणेषु (aśuśrūṣamāṇeṣu) - among those not wishing to listen, among the disobedient

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of aśuśrūṣamāṇa

aśuśrūṣamāṇa - unwilling to listen, disobedient, not attentive

Present Middle Participle (Desiderative) negated

Compound of negative prefix 'a-' and desiderative present middle participle of √śru (to hear).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śuśrūṣamāṇa)

• a – not, un-, in-
  prefix/indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• śuśrūṣamāṇa – wishing to hear, obedient, attentive
  participle (masculine)
  Present Middle Participle (Desiderative)
  Desiderative stem of √śru.
  Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Adverbial locative, 'among those who...'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, advice

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, declaration, advice

From √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'saṃpratitiṣṭhati'.

संप्रतितिष्ठति (saṁpratitiṣṭhati) - stands firm, takes effect, holds good

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

Present active indicative

From √sthā, class 1 verb, with prefixes 'sam' and 'prati'.

Prefixes: sam+prati

Root: sthā (class 1)