महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-196, verse-18

स हीनः करणैः सर्वैरुच्छ्वासपरमो नृपः ।
अमात्यसंस्थः कार्येषु सर्वेष्वेवाभवत्तदा ॥१८॥

18. sa hīnaḥ karaṇaiḥ sarvairucchvāsaparamo nṛpaḥ ,
amātyasaṁsthaḥ kāryeṣu sarveṣvevābhavattadā.

18. sa hīnaḥ karaṇaiḥ sarvaiḥ ucchvāsparamaḥ nṛpaḥ
amātyasaṃsthaḥ kāryeṣu sarveṣu eva abhavat tadā

18. That king was deficient in all his faculties, with only breathing remaining, and thus he became entirely dependent on his ministers for all affairs at that time.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• हीनः (hīnaḥ) - deficient, deprived of, lacking

• करणैः (karaṇaiḥ) - by senses, by organs, by faculties

• सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all, by every

• उच्छ्वास्परमः (ucchvāsparamaḥ) - whose highest function/concern is breathing; whose only remaining faculty is breathing

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

• अमात्यसंस्थः (amātyasaṁsthaḥ) - dependent on ministers, resting in ministers

• कार्येषु (kāryeṣu) - in duties, in affairs, in actions

• सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he was, he became

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

हीनः (hīnaḥ) - deficient, deprived of, lacking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hīna

hīna - deficient, deprived of, abandoned, inferior

Past Passive Participle

Root: hā (class 3)

करणैः (karaṇaiḥ) - by senses, by organs, by faculties

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of karaṇa

karaṇa - instrument, organ (of sense or action), faculty, cause, doing

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all, by every

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

उच्छ्वास्परमः (ucchvāsparamaḥ) - whose highest function/concern is breathing; whose only remaining faculty is breathing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ucchvāsparama

ucchvāsparama - whose highest function/concern is breathing; whose only remaining faculty is breathing

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ucchvāsa+parama)

• ucchvāsa – breath, exhalation
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: śvas (class 2)
• parama – highest, supreme, ultimate, utmost
  adjective (masculine)

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (lit. 'protector of men')

अमात्यसंस्थः (amātyasaṁsthaḥ) - dependent on ministers, resting in ministers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amātyasaṃstha

amātyasaṁstha - dependent on ministers, resting in ministers, whose abode is in ministers

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (amātya+saṃstha)

• amātya – minister, companion
  noun (masculine)
• saṃstha – standing, situated in, dependent on
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sthā (class 1)

कार्येषु (kāryeṣu) - in duties, in affairs, in actions

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, affair, business, action

Gerundive

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

अभवत् (abhavat) - he was, he became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)