महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-150, verse-5

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
किमिदं साहसं तीक्ष्णं भवत्या दुष्कृतं कृतम् ।
परित्यागं हि पुत्रस्य न प्रशंसन्ति साधवः ॥५॥

5. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kimidaṁ sāhasaṁ tīkṣṇaṁ bhavatyā duṣkṛtaṁ kṛtam ,
parityāgaṁ hi putrasya na praśaṁsanti sādhavaḥ.

5. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kim idam sāhasam tīkṣṇam bhavatyā duṣkṛtam
kṛtam parityāgam hi putrasya na praśaṃsanti sādhavaḥ

5. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "What is this rash and harsh misdeed done by you? Indeed, virtuous people (sādhavaḥ) do not praise the abandonment of a son."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• किम् (kim) - what?, why?

• इदम् (idam) - this

• साहसम् (sāhasam) - rash act, audacity, violence

• तीक्ष्णम् (tīkṣṇam) - harsh, sharp, severe

• भवत्या (bhavatyā) - by you (Kuntī) (by you (feminine))

• दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - misdeed, evil act

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

• परित्यागम् (parityāgam) - abandonment, relinquishment

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of a son

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise, they commend

• साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - good people, virtuous ones, sages

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; Name of the eldest Pāṇḍava brother

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

From root vac, perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what?, why?

(interrogative pronoun)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

साहसम् (sāhasam) - rash act, audacity, violence

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sāhasa

sāhasa - rashness, audacity, violence, intrepidity

तीक्ष्णम् (tīkṣṇam) - harsh, sharp, severe

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pungent, hot, harsh, severe, cruel

भवत्या (bhavatyā) - by you (Kuntī) (by you (feminine))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (polite address); being, existing

Present Active Participle

From root bhū (to be), present active participle, used as a pronoun for polite address.

Root: bhū (class 1)

दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - misdeed, evil act

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duṣkṛta

duṣkṛta - misdeed, evil act, sin, wrong action

Past Passive Participle (compound)

Compound of dus (bad) and kṛta (done, PPP of kṛ).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+kṛta)

• dus – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle from root kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, created

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from root kṛ (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

परित्यागम् (parityāgam) - abandonment, relinquishment

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parityāga

parityāga - abandonment, relinquishment, desertion, sacrifice

From root tyaj with prefix pari.

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of a son

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise, they commend

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (Laṭ) of praśaṃsanti

Present Active

From root śaṃs with prefix pra, present tense, 3rd person plural.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - good people, virtuous ones, sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, holy man, sage, saint