महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-138, verse-21

त्रिषु लोकेषु यद्राज्यं धर्मविद्योऽर्हते नृपः ।
सोऽयं भूमौ परिश्रान्तः शेते प्राकृतवत्कथम् ॥२१॥

21. triṣu lokeṣu yadrājyaṁ dharmavidyo'rhate nṛpaḥ ,
so'yaṁ bhūmau pariśrāntaḥ śete prākṛtavatkatham.

21. triṣu lokeṣu yat rājyam dharmavit yaḥ arhante nṛpaḥ
saḥ ayam bhūmau pariśrāntaḥ śete prākṛtavat katham

21. How can this king, a knower of dharma (natural law) who is worthy of ruling the three worlds, lie exhausted on the earth like an ordinary man?

Words meanings summery:

• त्रिषु (triṣu) - in the three worlds (in three)

• लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in worlds, among worlds

• यत् (yat) - which (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, reign

• धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of natural law (knower of dharma (natural law/righteousness))

• यः (yaḥ) - who (masculine nominative singular)

• अर्हन्ते (arhante) - deserves, is worthy of

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine nominative singular)

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the earth, on the ground

• परिश्रान्तः (pariśrāntaḥ) - exhausted, weary

• शेते (śete) - lies, sleeps

• प्राकृतवत् (prākṛtavat) - like an ordinary person, like a common man

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

Words meanings and morphology

त्रिषु (triṣu) - in the three worlds (in three)

(numeral)

Note: Refers to the three worlds.

लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in worlds, among worlds

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people

from root lok (to see)

Root: lok (class 1)

यत् (yat) - which (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Refers to 'rājyam'.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, reign

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty

from rājan (king) + yaT

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: The noun 'rājyam' is the subject of the clause 'yat rājyam...arhante'.

धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of natural law (knower of dharma (natural law/righteousness))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavit

dharmavit - knower of law/duty/righteousness

from dharma + vit (from root vid, to know)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+vit)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 3)
• vit – knowing, one who knows
  adjective (masculine)
  from root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - who (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to 'nṛpaḥ'.

अर्हन्ते (arhante) - deserves, is worthy of

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of arh

present

3rd person singular present middle of root arh (to deserve)

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: The meaning is active "he deserves", but the form is middle.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (protector of men)

from nṛ (man) + pā (to protect), compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• pa – protector, drinking (from pā)
  noun (masculine)
  from root pā (to protect or to drink)
  Root: pā (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the earth, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

Root: bhū (class 1)

परिश्रान्तः (pariśrāntaḥ) - exhausted, weary

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pariśrānta

pariśrānta - completely exhausted, tired out

past passive participle

from pari + root śram (to be weary) + kta

Prefix: pari

Root: śram (class 4)

शेते (śete) - lies, sleeps

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

present

3rd person singular present middle of root śī (to lie, sleep)

Root: śī (class 2)

प्राकृतवत् (prākṛtavat) - like an ordinary person, like a common man

(indeclinable)

from prākṛta (ordinary) + vat (like)

Note: Functions adverbially.

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

interrogative adverb