महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-138, verse-20

किं नु दुःखतरं शक्यं मया द्रष्टुमतः परम् ।
योऽहमद्य नरव्याघ्रान्सुप्तान्पश्यामि भूतले ॥२०॥

20. kiṁ nu duḥkhataraṁ śakyaṁ mayā draṣṭumataḥ param ,
yo'hamadya naravyāghrānsuptānpaśyāmi bhūtale.

20. kiṃ nu duḥkhataram śakyam mayā draṣṭum ataḥ param
yaḥ aham adya naravyāghrān suptān paśyāmi bhūtale

20. What sorrow more severe than this could I possibly witness, I who today see these tiger-like men—these great heroes—lying asleep on the bare ground?

Words meanings summery:

• किं (kiṁ) - what, why, how

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then

• दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more painful, more sorrowful

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able to be done/seen

• मया (mayā) - by me

• द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see, for seeing

• अतः (ataḥ) - from this, after this

• परम् (param) - beyond, further, after

• यः (yaḥ) - who (masculine nominative singular)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• अद्य (adya) - today

• नरव्याघ्रान् (naravyāghrān) - the Pāṇḍavas, who are mighty warriors (tiger-like men, best of men, heroes)

• सुप्तान् (suptān) - sleeping, asleep

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I behold

• भूतले (bhūtale) - on the ground, on the surface of the earth

Words meanings and morphology

किं (kiṁ) - what, why, how

(indeclinable)

interrogative pronoun/adverb

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then

(indeclinable)

interrogative or expletive particle

दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more painful, more sorrowful

(adjective)

neuter, singular of duḥkhatara

duḥkhatara - more painful, more sorrowful

comparative degree of duḥkha

Note: Can be nominative or accusative, here it functions as the object of śakyam draṣṭum.

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able to be done/seen

(gerundive)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

1st person singular pronoun

द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see, for seeing

(infinitive)

अतः (ataḥ) - from this, after this

(indeclinable)

from pronominal base 'idam' + suffix 'tasi'

परम् (param) - beyond, further, after

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially in "ataḥ param".

यः (yaḥ) - who (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to the speaker.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

1st person singular pronoun

अद्य (adya) - today

(indeclinable)

नरव्याघ्रान् (naravyāghrān) - the Pāṇḍavas, who are mighty warriors (tiger-like men, best of men, heroes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of naravyāghra

naravyāghra - man-tiger, lion among men, excellent man, hero

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: ghrā (class 1)

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

सुप्तान् (suptān) - sleeping, asleep

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of supta

supta - asleep, sleeping

past passive participle

from root svap (to sleep) + kta, with v->u. The 's' is retroflexed to 'ṣ'.

Root: svap (class 1)

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I behold

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

present

1st person singular present active of root dṛś (to see), with thematic stem paśya

Root: dṛś (class 1)

भूतले (bhūtale) - on the ground, on the surface of the earth

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhūtala

bhūtala - surface of the earth, ground

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhū+tala)

• bhū – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• tala – surface, plain, bottom
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tal (class 1)