योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-170, verse-1

श्रीराम उवाच ।
ब्रह्मन्कोऽस्य सुहृद्ब्रूहि येनासौ रमते सह ।
रमणं किंस्वभावं स्यादुत रत्यात्म वास्य तत् ॥ १ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
brahmanko'sya suhṛdbrūhi yenāsau ramate saha ,
ramaṇaṃ kiṃsvabhāvaṃ syāduta ratyātma vāsya tat 1

1. śrīrāma uvāca.
brahman kaḥ asya suhṛd brūhi yena asau ramate saha.
ramaṇam kiṃsvabhāvam syāt uta ratiātma vā asya tat.

1. śrīrāma uvāca.
brahman,
asya suhṛd kaḥ,
(tvam) brūhi,
yena asau saha ramate.
ramaṇam kiṃsvabhāvam syāt? uta ratiātma vā asya tat?

1. Śrī Rāma said: 'O Brahman, please tell me, who is his friend, with whom he delights? What is the nature of this delight (ramaṇa)? Is it characterized by sensual pleasure (rati), or is it his very self (ātman)?'

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Lord Rama

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahman, O divine one

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• अस्य (asya) - his, of this

• सुहृद् (suhṛd) - friend, good-hearted one

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, say

• येन (yena) - with whom (by whom, with whom, by which)

• असौ (asau) - that one, he

• रमते (ramate) - delights, rejoices, enjoys

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• रमणम् (ramaṇam) - the act or state of delighting (delight, enjoyment, pleasure)

• किंस्वभावम् (kiṁsvabhāvam) - of what nature, having what characteristic

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be, would be

• उत (uta) - or, and also

• रतिआत्म (ratiātma) - of the nature of sensual or passionate pleasure (of the nature of pleasure/love, consisting of pleasure)

• वा (vā) - or

• अस्य (asya) - his, of this

• तत् (tat) - refers to the 'delight' or 'the friend' (that, it)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Lord Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - Lord Rama, Rama endowed with auspiciousness

Compound of śrī (auspiciousness) and rāma (Rama).

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ), Active voice (parasmaipada)

Third person singular perfect of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahman, O divine one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahman (the ultimate reality), a Brahmin, a priest, the Veda

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Addressed by Śrī Rāma.

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

अस्य (asya) - his, of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Possessive, 'his friend'.

सुहृद् (suhṛd) - friend, good-hearted one

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, good-hearted, benevolent

Compound of su (good) and hṛd (heart).

Note: Predicate noun for kaḥ.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative (loṭ), Active voice (parasmaipada)

Second person singular imperative of root brū.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Command.

येन (yena) - with whom (by whom, with whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Co-occurs with saha.

असौ (asau) - that one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one, he, she, it (remote demonstrative)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of ramate.

रमते (ramate) - delights, rejoices, enjoys

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ram

Present tense, Middle voice (ātmanepada)

Third person singular present of root ram.

Root: ram (class 1)

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Preposition/adverb governing instrumental case.

Note: Co-occurs with yena.

रमणम् (ramaṇam) - the act or state of delighting (delight, enjoyment, pleasure)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ramaṇa

ramaṇa - delight, pleasure, enjoyment, sport, copulation

From root ram (to delight) + suffix -ana.

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of syāt.

किंस्वभावम् (kiṁsvabhāvam) - of what nature, having what characteristic

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kiṃsvabhāva

kiṁsvabhāva - of what nature, what kind of characteristic

Compound of kim (what) and svabhāva (one's own nature).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (kim+svabhāva)

• kim – what, which, who
  pronoun (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Interrogative pronoun.
• svabhāva – one's own nature, inherent disposition, essential property
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of sva (own) and bhāva (state of being)

Note: Agrees with ramaṇam.

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative (liṅ), Active voice (parasmaipada)

Third person singular optative of root as.

Root: as (class 2)

उत (uta) - or, and also

(indeclinable)

Particle.

रतिआत्म (ratiātma) - of the nature of sensual or passionate pleasure (of the nature of pleasure/love, consisting of pleasure)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine/neuter, singular of ratiātman

ratiātman - whose nature is pleasure/love, having pleasure as its essence

Bahuvrīhi compound: rati (pleasure/love) + ātman (self/nature).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (rati+ātman)

• rati – pleasure, enjoyment, love, sexual pleasure, passion
  noun (feminine)
  From root ram (to delight)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, individual soul, supreme soul (Brahman), essential nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Particle.

अस्य (asya) - his, of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Possessive, 'his (self)'.

तत् (tat) - refers to the 'delight' or 'the friend' (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.