योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-170, verse-12

जनं प्रियंवदं कुर्वत्प्रियमेव समाचरत् ।
पेशलं मधुरं स्निग्धमक्षुब्धमुदिताशयम् ॥ १२ ॥

janaṃ priyaṃvadaṃ kurvatpriyameva samācarat ,
peśalaṃ madhuraṃ snigdhamakṣubdhamuditāśayam 12

12. janam priyamvadam kurvat priyam eva samācarat
peśalam madhuram snigdham akṣubdham uditāśayam

12. (saḥ) janam priyamvadam kurvat priyam eva samācarat.
(saḥ eva ca) peśalam madhuram snigdham akṣubdham uditāśayam (āsīt).

12. He made people speak kindly and behaved only pleasantly. He was charming, sweet, kind, unperturbed, and possessed a noble disposition.

Words meanings summery:

• जनम् (janam) - people (person, people, mankind)

• प्रियम्वदम् (priyamvadam) - speak kindly (pleasant-speaking, kindly spoken, eloquent)

• कुर्वत् (kurvat) - making (making, doing, causing)

• प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasantly (adverbial) (pleasant, dear, beloved (thing))

• एव (eva) - only (only, just, indeed)

• समाचरत् (samācarat) - he behaved (he behaved, he acted, he practiced)

• पेशलम् (peśalam) - charming (skillful, charming, beautiful, elegant)

• मधुरम् (madhuram) - sweet (sweet, pleasant, charming, melodious)

• स्निग्धम् (snigdham) - kind (smooth, tender, affectionate, kind, cohesive)

• अक्षुब्धम् (akṣubdham) - unperturbed (unagitated, calm, unperturbed)

• उदिताशयम् (uditāśayam) - possessed a noble disposition (whose intention/disposition is elevated/noble)

Words meanings and morphology

जनम् (janam) - people (person, people, mankind)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, man, creature, people, folk

प्रियम्वदम् (priyamvadam) - speak kindly (pleasant-speaking, kindly spoken, eloquent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of priyamvada

priyamvada - pleasant-speaking, kindly spoken, suave

Compound of priya (pleasant) and vada (speaking, speaker).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (priya+vada)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
• vada – speaking, speaker
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root vad (to speak) + a (ac pratyaya).
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'janam'.

कुर्वत् (kurvat) - making (making, doing, causing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuru

kuru - doing, making

Present Active Participle

From the root kṛ (to do, make), class 8. Present active participle stem: kurvat.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (he).

प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasantly (adverbial) (pleasant, dear, beloved (thing))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasant, pleasing, desired

Note: Used adverbially here to mean 'pleasantly'.

एव (eva) - only (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

समाचरत् (samācarat) - he behaved (he behaved, he acted, he practiced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of samācarat

Imperfect 3rd Singular Active

From the root car (to move, go, behave) with prefixes sam- and ā-. Imperfect tense, active voice. The initial 'a-' is the augment for the Imperfect tense.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: car (class 1)

पेशलम् (peśalam) - charming (skillful, charming, beautiful, elegant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of peśala

peśala - skillful, clever, charming, beautiful, elegant

Note: Used here in apposition to the implied masculine subject, despite the -am ending (which can be nominative neuter or accusative masculine/neuter).

मधुरम् (madhuram) - sweet (sweet, pleasant, charming, melodious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhura

madhura - sweet, pleasant, charming, melodious

Note: Used here in apposition to the implied masculine subject.

स्निग्धम् (snigdham) - kind (smooth, tender, affectionate, kind, cohesive)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of snigdha

snigdha - smooth, tender, affectionate, kind, cohesive, oily

Past Passive Participle

From the root snih (to be sticky, to love).

Root: snih (class 4)

Note: Used here in apposition to the implied masculine subject.

अक्षुब्धम् (akṣubdham) - unperturbed (unagitated, calm, unperturbed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṣubdha

akṣubdha - unagitated, calm, undisturbed, unperturbed

Past Passive Participle with negation

Compound of a- (negation) and kṣubdha (agitated, disturbed), which is the PPP of root kṣubh (to agitate).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣubdha)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix.
• kṣubdha – agitated, disturbed, shaken
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṣubh (to agitate, disturb) + ta (kta pratyaya).
  Root: kṣubh (class 1)

Note: Used here in apposition to the implied masculine subject.

उदिताशयम् (uditāśayam) - possessed a noble disposition (whose intention/disposition is elevated/noble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uditāśaya

uditāśaya - of elevated/noble mind or disposition, with noble intentions

Bahuvrīhi compound of udita (risen, elevated) and āśaya (intention, mind, disposition).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (udita+āśaya)

• udita – risen, appeared, elevated, spoken
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root i (to go) with prefix ud-. (ud-√i).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)
• āśaya – intention, disposition, mind, dwelling, receptacle
  noun (masculine)
  From ā-śī (to lie in, to dwell, to mean).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Used here in apposition to the implied masculine subject.