योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-147, verse-28

अहो बत दुरन्तेयमभ्याससुदृढीकृता ।
अविद्या विद्यमानैव या शान्तैव न शाम्यति ॥ २८ ॥

aho bata duranteyamabhyāsasudṛḍhīkṛtā ,
avidyā vidyamānaiva yā śāntaiva na śāmyati 28

28. aho bata durantā iyam abhyāsasudṛḍhīkṛtā
avidyā vidyamānā eva yā śāntā eva na śāmyati

28. aho bata iyam abhyāsasudṛḍhīkṛtā durantā
avidyā vidyamānā eva yā śāntā eva na śāmyati

28. Alas, how difficult to overcome is this ignorance (avidyā), which is firmly rooted by long habit (abhyāsa)! Even though it is present and appears to be calmed, it does not truly subside.

Words meanings summery:

• अहो (aho) - Expresses deep regret or lamentation. (Oh! Alas! Ah! (exclamation of wonder, sorrow, or regret))

• बत (bata) - Emphasizes the lamentation or surprise. (Oh! Alas! Indeed!)

• दुरन्ता (durantā) - refers to the intractable nature of ignorance. (having a bad end, difficult to end, endless, formidable)

• इयम् (iyam) - refers to 'avidyā' (ignorance). (this, this one)

• अभ्याससुदृढीकृता (abhyāsasudṛḍhīkṛtā) - firmly strengthened by practice/habit

• अविद्या (avidyā) - The fundamental spiritual ignorance that binds to saṃsāra. (ignorance, non-knowledge, spiritual ignorance)

• विद्यमाना (vidyamānā) - existing, present, being

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the persistent existence of ignorance. (indeed, only, certainly)

• या (yā) - Refers back to 'avidyā'. (which, who)

• शान्ता (śāntā) - Refers to the deceptive appearance of ignorance being calmed. (calmed, tranquil, ceased, pacified)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the apparent calm of ignorance. (indeed, only, certainly)

• न (na) - not

• शाम्यति (śāmyati) - subsides, ceases, calms down

Words meanings and morphology

अहो (aho) - Expresses deep regret or lamentation. (Oh! Alas! Ah! (exclamation of wonder, sorrow, or regret))

(indeclinable)

बत (bata) - Emphasizes the lamentation or surprise. (Oh! Alas! Indeed!)

(indeclinable)

दुरन्ता (durantā) - refers to the intractable nature of ignorance. (having a bad end, difficult to end, endless, formidable)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duranta

duranta - having a bad end, difficult to end, endless, formidable, troublesome

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+anta)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  prefix
• anta – end, limit, boundary
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'iyam' and 'avidyā'.

इयम् (iyam) - refers to 'avidyā' (ignorance). (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with 'avidyā'.

अभ्याससुदृढीकृता (abhyāsasudṛḍhīkṛtā) - firmly strengthened by practice/habit

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of abhyāsasudṛḍhīkṛta

abhyāsasudṛḍhīkṛta - firmly strengthened by repeated practice or habit

past passive participle (from a denominative verb 'sudṛḍhīkṛ' derived from 'su-dṛḍha' with 'kṛ')

Compound type : tatpurusha (abhyāsa+su+dṛḍhīkṛta)

• abhyāsa – practice, repetition, habit, study
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: abhi+as
  Root: as (class 4)
• su – well, good, excellent
  prefix
• dṛḍhīkṛta – made firm, strengthened
  adjective
  past passive participle
  from denominative verb 'dṛḍhī-kṛ' (to make firm)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'avidyā'.

अविद्या (avidyā) - The fundamental spiritual ignorance that binds to saṃsāra. (ignorance, non-knowledge, spiritual ignorance)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of avidyā

avidyā - ignorance, non-knowledge, spiritual ignorance, false knowledge

compound of 'a' (negation) and 'vidyā' (knowledge)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+vidyā)

• a – not, non
  prefix
• vidyā – knowledge, learning, science, wisdom
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Main subject of the sentence.

विद्यमाना (vidyamānā) - existing, present, being

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vidyamāna

vidyamāna - existing, being present, found

present passive participle

from root 'vid' (to be, to exist)

Root: vid (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'avidyā'.

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the persistent existence of ignorance. (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

या (yā) - Refers back to 'avidyā'. (which, who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

शान्ता (śāntā) - Refers to the deceptive appearance of ignorance being calmed. (calmed, tranquil, ceased, pacified)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śānta

śānta - calmed, tranquil, peaceful, ceased, extinguished

past passive participle

from root 'śam' (to be calm)

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'yā' and 'avidyā'.

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the apparent calm of ignorance. (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'śāmyati'.

शाम्यति (śāmyati) - subsides, ceases, calms down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śam

root 'śam' (4th class, Parasmaipada), present active

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Subject is 'avidyā'.