योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-88, verse-21

अयं चिन्तामणिरिति मूढस्तस्मिन्स वस्तुताम् ।
बुबुधे मोहितो ह्यज्ञो मृदं हेमेति पश्यति ॥ २१ ॥

ayaṃ cintāmaṇiriti mūḍhastasminsa vastutām ,
bubudhe mohito hyajño mṛdaṃ hemeti paśyati 21

21. ayam cintāmaṇiḥ iti mūḍhaḥ tasmin saḥ vastutām
bubudhe mohitaḥ hi ajñaḥ mṛdam hema iti paśyati

21. mūḍhaḥ ayam cintāmaṇiḥ iti tasmin saḥ vastutām
bubudhe hi mohitaḥ ajñaḥ mṛdam hema iti paśyati

21. The deluded fool, thinking 'This is a wish-fulfilling gem (cintāmaṇi),' grasped its reality [as such]. For indeed, an ignorant person perceives mere clay as gold.

Words meanings summery:

• अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

• चिन्तामणिः (cintāmaṇiḥ) - wish-fulfilling gem

• इति (iti) - indicating a direct quote or thought (thus, in this way, so saying)

• मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - the foolish person who mistook the object for a wish-fulfilling gem (foolish, deluded, confused; a fool, an ignorant person)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that [gem] (in that, on that, then)

• सः (saḥ) - referring to the fool (he, that)

• वस्तुताम् (vastutām) - the actual nature of the gem, which the fool mistakenly believed to be real wish-fulfilling power (reality, real nature, substantiality)

• बुबुधे (bubudhe) - he mistakenly believed/perceived the gem's reality (he understood, he knew, he perceived)

• मोहितः (mohitaḥ) - in a state of delusion (deluded, bewildered, infatuated)

• हि (hi) - introduces a reason or explanation (indeed, for, because)

• अज्ञः (ajñaḥ) - an ignorant person, in general (ignorant, foolish, unwise; an ignorant person)

• मृदम् (mṛdam) - clay, earth

• हेम (hema) - gold

• इति (iti) - indicating a mistaken perception ('as gold') (thus, in this way, so saying)

• पश्यति (paśyati) - he sees, he perceives, he observes

Words meanings and morphology

अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Masculine form of 'idam'.

चिन्तामणिः (cintāmaṇiḥ) - wish-fulfilling gem

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cintāmaṇi

cintāmaṇi - wish-fulfilling gem; a mythical gem capable of granting all desires

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (cintā+maṇi)

• cintā – thought, thinking, reflection, worry
  noun (feminine)
  Root: cit (class 1)
• maṇi – gem, jewel
  noun (masculine)

इति (iti) - indicating a direct quote or thought (thus, in this way, so saying)

(indeclinable)

मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - the foolish person who mistook the object for a wish-fulfilling gem (foolish, deluded, confused; a fool, an ignorant person)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, stupid, deluded, bewildered, confused

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √muh (to be bewildered, confused)

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Used here as a noun, 'the fool'.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that [gem] (in that, on that, then)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the 'cintāmaṇi'.

सः (saḥ) - referring to the fool (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वस्तुताम् (vastutām) - the actual nature of the gem, which the fool mistakenly believed to be real wish-fulfilling power (reality, real nature, substantiality)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vastutā

vastutā - reality, true state, substantiality, essence

Derived from 'vastu' + suffix '-tā'

बुबुधे (bubudhe) - he mistakenly believed/perceived the gem's reality (he understood, he knew, he perceived)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of budh

Perfect Middle

3rd person singular, perfect tense, middle voice

Root: budh (class 1)

मोहितः (mohitaḥ) - in a state of delusion (deluded, bewildered, infatuated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mohita

mohita - deluded, bewildered, infatuated, confused

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √muh (to be bewildered, confused) with causative suffix 'i'

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'ajñaḥ' as being deluded.

हि (hi) - introduces a reason or explanation (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

अज्ञः (ajñaḥ) - an ignorant person, in general (ignorant, foolish, unwise; an ignorant person)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajña

ajña - ignorant, foolish, unwise, unknowing

Negation 'a' + root 'jñā' (to know)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jña)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• jña – knowing, wise, expert
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'jñā'
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used here as a noun, 'an ignorant person'.

मृदम् (mṛdam) - clay, earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mṛd

mṛd - clay, earth, soil

Note: Object of 'paśyati'.

हेम (hema) - gold

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hema

hema - gold

Note: Used predicatively with 'iti'.

इति (iti) - indicating a mistaken perception ('as gold') (thus, in this way, so saying)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to mean 'as' or 'for'.

पश्यति (paśyati) - he sees, he perceives, he observes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of dṛś

Present Active

3rd person singular, present tense, active voice (root is dṛś, but the present stem is paśya-)

Root: dṛś (class 1)