योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-49, verse-21

युक्त्या प्रबोध्यते मूढः प्राज्ञस्तत्त्वेन बोध्यते ।
मूढः प्राज्ञत्वमायाति न युक्त्या बोधनं विना ॥ २१ ॥

yuktyā prabodhyate mūḍhaḥ prājñastattvena bodhyate ,
mūḍhaḥ prājñatvamāyāti na yuktyā bodhanaṃ vinā 21

21. yuktyā prabodhyate mūḍhaḥ prājñaḥ tattvena bodhyate
mūḍhaḥ prājñatvam āyāti na yuktyā bodhanam vinā

21. mūḍhaḥ yuktyā prabodhyate prājñaḥ tattvena bodhyate
mūḍhaḥ yuktyā bodhanam vinā prājñatvam na āyāti

21. An ignorant person (mūḍha) is enlightened through reasoning (yukti), while a wise person (prājña) is enlightened through the essential truth (tattva). However, an ignorant person (mūḍha) does not attain wisdom (prājñatva) without instruction facilitated by reasoning (yukti).

Words meanings summery:

• युक्त्या (yuktyā) - through reasoning (yukti) (by means of reasoning, by logic, by proper method)

• प्रबोध्यते (prabodhyate) - is awakened, is enlightened, is taught

• मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - an ignorant person (mūḍha) (foolish, ignorant, deluded one)

• प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - a wise person (prājña) (wise, intelligent, expert, knowing)

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - through the essential truth (tattva) (by the truth, by reality, by essential nature)

• बोध्यते (bodhyate) - is awakened, is enlightened, is instructed

• मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - an ignorant person (mūḍha) (foolish, ignorant, deluded one)

• प्राज्ञत्वम् (prājñatvam) - wisdom (prājñatva) (wisdom, intelligence, state of being wise)

• आयाति (āyāti) - attains, approaches, reaches

• न (na) - not, no

• युक्त्या (yuktyā) - by reasoning (yukti) (by means of reasoning, by logic, by proper method)

• बोधनम् (bodhanam) - instruction (awakening, instruction, teaching, enlightenment)

• विना (vinā) - without, except for

Words meanings and morphology

युक्त्या (yuktyā) - through reasoning (yukti) (by means of reasoning, by logic, by proper method)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yukti

yukti - reasoning, logic, method, argument, proper means

From root yuj (to join, apply).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Means for awakening.

प्रबोध्यते (prabodhyate) - is awakened, is enlightened, is taught

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of prabodh

Present Passive Indicative

From root budh (class 1) with upasarga pra, in the passive voice.

Prefix: pra

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Passive verb for mūḍhaḥ.

मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - an ignorant person (mūḍha) (foolish, ignorant, deluded one)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, ignorant, deluded, bewildered, stupid

Past Passive Participle

From root muh (to be bewildered, confused) + suffix -kta.

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Subject of prabodhyate and āyāti.

प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - a wise person (prājña) (wise, intelligent, expert, knowing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prājña

prājña - wise, intelligent, knowing, expert, a wise man

From pra-jñā (to know well).

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject of bodhyate.

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - through the essential truth (tattva) (by the truth, by reality, by essential nature)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essential nature, principle, category (tattva)

From tad (that) + suffix -tva.

Note: Means for enlightenment.

बोध्यते (bodhyate) - is awakened, is enlightened, is instructed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of budh

Present Passive Indicative

From root budh (class 1) in the passive voice.

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Passive verb for prājñaḥ.

मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - an ignorant person (mūḍha) (foolish, ignorant, deluded one)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, ignorant, deluded, bewildered, stupid

Past Passive Participle

From root muh (to be bewildered, confused) + suffix -kta.

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Subject of prabodhyate and āyāti.

प्राज्ञत्वम् (prājñatvam) - wisdom (prājñatva) (wisdom, intelligence, state of being wise)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prājñatva

prājñatva - wisdom, intelligence, state of being wise, sagacity

From prājña + suffix -tva (abstract noun forming suffix).

Note: Object of āyāti.

आयाति (āyāti) - attains, approaches, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āyā

Present Active Indicative

From root yā (class 2) with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Verb for mūḍhaḥ.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

युक्त्या (yuktyā) - by reasoning (yukti) (by means of reasoning, by logic, by proper method)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yukti

yukti - reasoning, logic, method, argument, proper means

From root yuj (to join, apply).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies bodhanam, indicating means.

बोधनम् (bodhanam) - instruction (awakening, instruction, teaching, enlightenment)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bodhana

bodhana - awakening, instruction, teaching, enlightenment

From causative root bodh (from budh) + suffix -ana.

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Object governed by vinā. Modified by yuktyā.

विना (vinā) - without, except for

(indeclinable)