योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-72, verse-31

नागाः श्वसन्ति विचलन्ति नगाः पतन्ति वैमानिका जलधिवारिधराः प्रयान्ति ।
शोषं दिशोऽर्कसहिता मलिनीभवन्ति सूच्याः सुरेन्द्र तपसा क्षयमाययेव ॥ ३१ ॥

nāgāḥ śvasanti vicalanti nagāḥ patanti vaimānikā jaladhivāridharāḥ prayānti ,
śoṣaṃ diśo'rkasahitā malinībhavanti sūcyāḥ surendra tapasā kṣayamāyayeva 31

31. nāgāḥ śvasanti vicalanti nagāḥ patanti
vaimānikāḥ jaladhi-vāri-dharāḥ prayānti
śoṣam diśaḥ arka-sahitāḥ malinībhavanti
sūcyāḥ surendra tapasā kṣayam āyaye iva

31. surendra sūcyāḥ tapasā nāgāḥ śvasanti
nagāḥ vicalanti patanti vaimānikāḥ
jaladhi-vāri-dharāḥ prayānti diśaḥ arka-sahitāḥ
śoṣam malinībhavanti kṣayam āyaye iva

31. O lord of gods (surendra), by the austerity (tapas) of Sūcī, the serpents (nāgāḥ) gasp, mountains (nagāḥ) shake and fall, while the celestial clouds (jaladhivāridharāḥ) disperse. The directions, along with the sun, dry up and grow dim, as if everything were approaching its destruction (kṣaya).

Words meanings summery:

• नागाः (nāgāḥ) - celestial serpents/beings (implies their suffering) (serpents, elephants, celestial beings)

• श्वसन्ति (śvasanti) - they gasp (due to extreme heat/pressure from penance) (they breathe heavily, pant, hiss)

• विचलन्ति (vicalanti) - they shake (referring to mountains) (they tremble, move violently, waver)

• नगाः (nagāḥ) - mountains (mountains, trees)

• पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall

• वैमानिकाः (vaimānikāḥ) - celestials, aerial beings, those in Vimānas (sky-chariots)

• जलधि-वारि-धराः (jaladhi-vāri-dharāḥ) - celestial clouds (clouds (lit. 'water-holders of oceans'))

• प्रयान्ति (prayānti) - they disperse, move away (from fear/distress) (they depart, go forth, move away)

• शोषम् (śoṣam) - to the state of dryness (dryness, desiccation, drying up)

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (cardinal points)

• अर्क-सहिताः (arka-sahitāḥ) - accompanied by the sun, together with the sun

• मलिनीभवन्ति (malinībhavanti) - they grow dim (referring to directions along with the sun) (they become dark, defiled, dim)

• सूच्याः (sūcyāḥ) - of Sūcī

• सुरेन्द्र (surendra) - Addressing Indra (O chief of gods, O Indra)

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance

• क्षयम् (kṣayam) - destruction, decay, ruin

• आयये (āyaye) - they (all these things collectively) had approached ((he/she/it) approached, went)

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as

Words meanings and morphology

नागाः (nāgāḥ) - celestial serpents/beings (implies their suffering) (serpents, elephants, celestial beings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - serpent, elephant, mountain (if from na-ga), celestial being

Note: Subject of śvasanti.

श्वसन्ति (śvasanti) - they gasp (due to extreme heat/pressure from penance) (they breathe heavily, pant, hiss)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śvas

Root: śvas (class 2)

विचलन्ति (vicalanti) - they shake (referring to mountains) (they tremble, move violently, waver)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vical

From vi + cal (to move).

Prefix: vi

Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Subject is nagāḥ.

नगाः (nagāḥ) - mountains (mountains, trees)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of naga

naga - mountain, tree (lit. "not going")

From na (not) + ga (going).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of vicalanti and patanti.

पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Subject is nagāḥ.

वैमानिकाः (vaimānikāḥ) - celestials, aerial beings, those in Vimānas (sky-chariots)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaimānika

vaimānika - celestial, belonging to a Vimāna, one who travels in a Vimāna

Derived from vimāna (sky-chariot) with suffix -ika.

Note: Subject, along with jaladhi-vāri-dharāḥ, of prayānti.

जलधि-वारि-धराः (jaladhi-vāri-dharāḥ) - celestial clouds (clouds (lit. 'water-holders of oceans'))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jaladhi-vāri-dhara

jaladhi-vāri-dhara - cloud (holder of ocean water)

Tatpurusha compound. jaladhi (ocean) + vāri (water) + dhara (holder).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jaladhi+vāri+dhara)

• jaladhi – ocean, water-receptacle
  noun (masculine)
  Tatpurusha compound jala (water) + dhi (holding).
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• vāri – water
  noun (neuter)
• dhara – bearer, holder
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to hold) + suffix a.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject, along with vaimānikāḥ, of prayānti.

प्रयान्ति (prayānti) - they disperse, move away (from fear/distress) (they depart, go forth, move away)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prayā

From pra + yā (to go).

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Subjects are vaimānikāḥ and jaladhi-vāri-dharāḥ.

शोषम् (śoṣam) - to the state of dryness (dryness, desiccation, drying up)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śoṣa

śoṣa - drying, desiccation, destruction

From root śuṣ (to dry) + suffix a.

Root: śuṣ (class 4)

Note: Accusative singular, acting adverbially indicating the state of becoming dry.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (cardinal points)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, point of the compass

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Subject of malinībhavanti.

अर्क-सहिताः (arka-sahitāḥ) - accompanied by the sun, together with the sun

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of arka-sahita

arka-sahita - accompanied by the sun

Tatpurusha compound or bahuvrīhi for 'having the sun with them'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (arka+sahita)

• arka – sun, ray, praise
  noun (masculine)
  Root: arc (class 1)
• sahita – accompanied, together with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From sa (with) + root hi (to send, join) + kta.
  Prefix: sa
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with diśaḥ.

मलिनीभवन्ति (malinībhavanti) - they grow dim (referring to directions along with the sun) (they become dark, defiled, dim)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of malinībhū

Denominative verb from malina (dirty) + bhū (to become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject is diśaḥ arka-sahitāḥ.

सूच्याः (sūcyāḥ) - of Sūcī

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of sūcī

sūcī - needle, Sūcī (proper name)

Root: sūc (class 10)

Note: Possessive, modifying tapasā.

सुरेन्द्र (surendra) - Addressing Indra (O chief of gods, O Indra)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of surendra

surendra - chief of gods, Indra

Tatpurusha compound sura (god) + indra (chief).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sura+indra)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sū (class 1)
• indra – chief, king, Indra (name of a god)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: ind (class 7)

Note: Addressed to Indra.

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat

From root tap (to heat, suffer).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Instrumental of cause, "by means of austerity".

क्षयम् (kṣayam) - destruction, decay, ruin

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - destruction, decay, loss, end

From root kṣi (to decay, destroy).

Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Object of āyaye.

आयये (āyaye) - they (all these things collectively) had approached ((he/she/it) approached, went)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ā-i

Perfect active third singular

Form from prefix ā + root i (to go). The form āyaye (as distinct from āyayau) can be a poetic or archaic perfect form, or potentially a perfect Atmanepada 3rd singular.

Prefix: ā

Root: i (class 2)

इव (iva) - as if, like, as

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

Note: Expresses simile.