योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-72, verse-29

कस्येदं तपसाक्रान्तं जगदित्यथ वासवः ।
नारदं परिपप्रच्छ स तस्याकथयच्च तत् ॥ २९ ॥

kasyedaṃ tapasākrāntaṃ jagadityatha vāsavaḥ ,
nāradaṃ paripapraccha sa tasyākathayacca tat 29

29. kasya idam tapasā ākrāntam jagat iti atha vāsavaḥ
nāradam paripapraccha sa tasya akathayat ca tat

29. atha vāsavaḥ kasya idam tapasā ākrāntam jagat iti
nāradam paripapraccha sa tasya tat ca akathayat

29. "Whose penance (tapas) has overcome this world?" Then Vāsava (Indra) asked Nārada. And Nārada, in turn, told him (Indra) about it.

Words meanings summery:

• कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom, of what

• इदम् (idam) - this, this one

• तपसा (tapasā) - by penance (tapas), by austerity

• आक्रान्तम् (ākrāntam) - overcome, invaded, seized, overwhelmed

• जगत् (jagat) - the world, the universe, moving

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking quotation

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon, further

• वासवः (vāsavaḥ) - Indra, king of gods

• नारदम् (nāradam) - Nārada (a celestial sage)

• परिपप्रच्छ (paripapraccha) - he asked

• स (sa) - he, that (masculine)

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, to him, for him (masculine/neuter)

• अकथयत् (akathayat) - he told, he narrated

• च (ca) - and, also

• तत् (tat) - that, it (neuter)

Words meanings and morphology

कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom, of what

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Inquires about the owner or source of the penance.

इदम् (idam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to jagat.

तपसा (tapasā) - by penance (tapas), by austerity

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance, austerity, spiritual fervor, heat

From root tap (to heat, to perform austerity).

Root: tap (class 1)

आक्रान्तम् (ākrāntam) - overcome, invaded, seized, overwhelmed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ākrānta

ākrānta - overcome, seized, invaded, assailed, pervaded

Past Passive Participle

From ā (upasarga) + root kram (to step, go) + kta suffix.

Root: kram (class 1)

जगत् (jagat) - the world, the universe, moving

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - world, universe, people, moving, animate

Present Active Participle

From root gam (to go) + śatṛ (intensive form, reduplicated).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking quotation

(indeclinable)

Particle.

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon, further

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating sequence or commencement.

वासवः (vāsavaḥ) - Indra, king of gods

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsava

vāsava - Indra, belonging to or descended from Vasu (a clan of deities)

Name of Indra.

Note: Subject of paripapraccha.

नारदम् (nāradam) - Nārada (a celestial sage)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - Nārada (name of a divine sage, messenger of gods)

Note: Object of paripapraccha.

परिपप्रच्छ (paripapraccha) - he asked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of praś

Perfect (Liṭ)

3rd person singular, active voice. With pari (upasarga).

Prefix: pari

Root: praś (class 6)

Note: The subject is vāsavaḥ.

स (sa) - he, that (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Nominative singular masculine of tad.

Note: Subject of akathayat.

तस्य (tasya) - of him, to him, for him (masculine/neuter)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Genitive singular masculine/neuter of tad.

Note: Acts as an indirect object, 'to him'.

अकथयत् (akathayat) - he told, he narrated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kath

Imperfect (Laṅ)

3rd person singular, active voice. Denominative verb from kathā (story).

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: The subject is sa (Nārada).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects the asking with the telling.

तत् (tat) - that, it (neuter)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Nominative/Accusative singular neuter of tad.

Note: Direct object of akathayat.