वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-18, verse-20

हर्षात्तदाब्रवीदिन्द्रो मयूरं नीलबर्हिणम् ।
प्रीतो ऽस्मि तव धर्मज्ञ उपकाराद्विहंगम ॥२०॥

20. harṣāttadābravīdindro mayūraṃ nīlabarhiṇam ,
prīto'smi tava dharmajña upakārādvihaṃgama.

20. harṣāt tadā abravīt indraḥ mayūram nīlabarhiṇam
prītaḥ asmi tava dharmajña upakārāt vihaṃgama

20. tadā harṣāt indraḥ nīlabarhiṇam mayūram abravīt he
dharmajña he vihaṃgama tava upakārāt prītaḥ asmi

20. Then, filled with joy, Indra spoke to the blue-plumed peacock: "O knower of righteousness (dharma), O bird, I am pleased by your service."

Words meanings summery:

• हर्षात् (harṣāt) - from joy, with joy, because of joy

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra

• मयूरम् (mayūram) - peacock

• नीलबर्हिणम् (nīlabarhiṇam) - blue-plumed, having blue feathers

• प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased, satisfied, glad

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of righteousness, O knower of (dharma)

• उपकारात् (upakārāt) - from help, because of service, on account of a kindness

• विहंगम (vihaṁgama) - O bird, O moving in the air

Words meanings and morphology

हर्षात् (harṣāt) - from joy, with joy, because of joy

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, happiness, exhilaration

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

formed from pronominal base tad- with suffix -dā

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √brū

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular, imperfect tense, active voice, parasmaipada

Root: brū (class 2)

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (name of the chief deity of the Rigveda, god of storm and war, king of the gods)

मयूरम् (mayūram) - peacock

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mayūra

mayūra - peacock

नीलबर्हिणम् (nīlabarhiṇam) - blue-plumed, having blue feathers

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nīlabarhiṇa

nīlabarhiṇa - blue-feathered, blue-plumed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nīla+barhiṇa)

• nīla – blue, dark blue, indigo
  adjective (masculine)
• barhiṇa – feather, tail feather (especially of a peacock)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'mayūram'.

प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased, satisfied, glad

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prīta

prīta - pleased, delighted, beloved, happy

Past Passive Participle

from √prī (to please, to love)

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Predicate adjective with 'asmi'.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √as

Present Active

1st person singular, present tense, active voice, parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Null subject 'aham' is implied.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yūṣmad

yūṣmad - you

genitive singular of 2nd person pronoun

धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of righteousness, O knower of (dharma)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of righteousness, acquainted with (dharma), skilled in law/duty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, virtue, natural law, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, understanding, a knower
  adjective (masculine)
  from √jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Vocative used as an address.

उपकारात् (upakārāt) - from help, because of service, on account of a kindness

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of upakāra

upakāra - help, service, benefit, kindness

from upa-√kṛ

Prefix: upa

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Expresses cause.

विहंगम (vihaṁgama) - O bird, O moving in the air

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vihaṃgama

vihaṁgama - bird, one who goes through the air

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (vihas+gama)

• vihas – sky, air (archaic form of vihāyas)
  noun (neuter)
• gama – going, moving, a goer
  noun (masculine)
  from √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Vocative used as an address.

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