वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-18, verse-13

ततः शरासनं गृह्य सायकांश्च स पार्थिवः ।
रणाय निर्ययौ क्रुद्धः संवर्तो मार्गमावृणोत् ॥१३॥

13. tataḥ śarāsanaṃ gṛhya sāyakāṃśca sa pārthivaḥ ,
raṇāya niryayau kruddhaḥ saṃvarto mārgamāvṛṇot.

13. tataḥ śarāsanam gṛhya sāyakān ca sa pārthivaḥ
raṇāya niryayau kruddhaḥ saṃvartaḥ mārgam āvṛṇot

13. tataḥ sa kruddhaḥ pārthivaḥ śarāsanam sāyakān ca
gṛhya raṇāya niryayau saṃvartaḥ mārgam āvṛṇot

13. Then that enraged king, taking his bow and arrows, went forth for battle. Samvarta obstructed his path.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefore, from that)

• शरासनम् (śarāsanam) - bow (bow, arrow-seat)

• गृह्य (gṛhya) - taking, having taken (having taken, having grasped, having seized)

• सायकान् (sāyakān) - arrows

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• स (sa) - that (king) (he, that)

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - the king (king, earthly, prince)

• रणाय (raṇāya) - for battle (for battle, for war, for delight)

• निर्ययौ (niryayau) - went forth (went forth, marched out)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (angry, enraged, provoked)

• संवर्तः (saṁvartaḥ) - Samvarta (proper name) (Samvarta (name of a sage or a cloud))

• मार्गम् (mārgam) - the path (path, way, road)

• आवृणोत् (āvṛṇot) - obstructed (obstructed, covered, surrounded)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Ablative of tad, used adverbially.

शरासनम् (śarāsanam) - bow (bow, arrow-seat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śarāsana

śarāsana - bow, weapon

Tatpurusha compound: śara (arrow) + āsana (seat).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (śara+āsana)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• āsana – seat, sitting, posture
  noun (neuter)
  From root ās (to sit).
  Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Object of 'gṛhya'

गृह्य (gṛhya) - taking, having taken (having taken, having grasped, having seized)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root grah (gṛh) with suffix -lyap (typically after an upasarga).

Root: grah (class 9)

सायकान् (sāyakān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow

From root si (to bind, discharge).

Root: si (class 4)

Note: Object of 'gṛhya'

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

स (sa) - that (king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'pārthivaḥ'

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - the king (king, earthly, prince)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - king, earthly, relating to earth, prince

Derived from pṛthivī (earth).

Note: Subject of 'niryayau'

रणाय (raṇāya) - for battle (for battle, for war, for delight)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, sound, delight

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Indicates purpose

निर्ययौ (niryayau) - went forth (went forth, marched out)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect tense

3rd person singular, Perfect Tense, Parasmaipada, from root yā with prefix nir.

Prefix: nis

Root: yā (class 2)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (angry, enraged, provoked)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, provoked

Past Passive Participle

From root krudh with suffix -kta.

Root: krudh (class 4)

संवर्तः (saṁvartaḥ) - Samvarta (proper name) (Samvarta (name of a sage or a cloud))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvarta

saṁvarta - Samvarta (name of a sage, a destructive cloud), rolling up, destruction

From saṃ-vṛt (to roll up, turn together).

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'āvṛṇot'

मार्गम् (mārgam) - the path (path, way, road)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mārga

mārga - path, way, road, quest

From root mṛg (to hunt, seek).

Root: mṛg (class 2)

Note: Object of 'āvṛṇot'

आवृणोत् (āvṛṇot) - obstructed (obstructed, covered, surrounded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛ

Imperfect Tense

3rd person singular, Imperfect Tense, Parasmaipada, from root vṛ with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

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