वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-18, verse-16

संशयश्च रणे नित्यं राक्षसश्चैष दुर्जयः ।
स निवृत्तो गुरोर्वाक्यान्मरुत्तः पृथिवीपतिः ।
विसृज्य सशरं चापं स्वस्थो मखमुखो ऽभवत् ॥१६॥

16. saṃśayaśca raṇe nityaṃ rākṣasaścaiṣa durjayaḥ ,
sa nivṛtto gurorvākyānmaruttaḥ pṛthivīpatiḥ ,
visṛjya saśaraṃ cāpaṃ svastho makhamukho'bhavat.

16. saṃśayaḥ ca raṇe nityam rākṣasaḥ ca
eṣaḥ durjayaḥ saḥ nivṛttaḥ guroḥ vākyāt
maruttaḥ pṛthivīpatiḥ visṛjya saśaram
cāpam svasthaḥ makhamukhaḥ abhavat

16. raṇe saṃśayaḥ nityam ca eṣaḥ rākṣasaḥ
durjayaḥ ca saḥ pṛthivīpatiḥ maruttaḥ
guroḥ vākyāt nivṛttaḥ saśaram cāpam
visṛjya saḥ svasthaḥ makhamukhaḥ abhavat

16. In battle, there is always doubt, and this demon is certainly unconquerable. King Marutta, however, withdrew in accordance with his preceptor's (guru) instructions. Having put down his arrow-fitted bow, he became peaceful and ready to commence the Vedic ritual (yajña).

Words meanings summery:

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - demon, evil being

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

• दुर्जयः (durjayaḥ) - unconquerable, difficult to overcome

• सः (saḥ) - that King Marutta (he, that)

• निवृत्तः (nivṛttaḥ) - withdrew, retired from the battle (turned back, desisted, ceased)

• गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the preceptor, from the preceptor

• वाक्यात् (vākyāt) - from the instructions (from the word, from the statement, according to the advice)

• मरुत्तः (maruttaḥ) - Marutta

• पृथिवीपतिः (pṛthivīpatiḥ) - king, lord of the earth

• विसृज्य (visṛjya) - having abandoned, having released, having cast aside

• सशरम् (saśaram) - with arrows, arrow-equipped

• चापम् (cāpam) - bow

• स्वस्थः (svasthaḥ) - peaceful and composed (healthy, well, self-reliant, at peace)

• मखमुखः (makhamukhaḥ) - one who is prepared to commence or preside over a Vedic ritual (ready to lead a Vedic ritual, facing a Vedic ritual)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

Words meanings and morphology

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, suspicion, indecision

from sam-√śī ('to lie, reside') or sam-√śī ('to sharpen, to doubt')

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, fight, strife

from √raṇ 'to rejoice, to sound'

Root: raṇ (class 1)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage derived from adjective in neuter accusative singular.

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - demon, evil being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, evil spirit, giant

from √rakṣ 'to guard, protect' with āsas suffix, meaning 'one who needs protection' or 'one who guards (the night)'

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eṣa

eṣa - this, this one

nominative singular masculine of idam (this)

दुर्जयः (durjayaḥ) - unconquerable, difficult to overcome

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durjaya

durjaya - difficult to conquer, invincible, unconquerable

from dur-√ji ('to conquer')

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (dur+jaya)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  from √ji 'to conquer'
  Root: ji (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - that King Marutta (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

nominative singular masculine form of 'tad'

निवृत्तः (nivṛttaḥ) - withdrew, retired from the battle (turned back, desisted, ceased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - turned back, returned, ceased, desisted, retired

Past Passive Participle

from ni-√vṛt 'to turn back, desist'

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the preceptor, from the preceptor

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of guru

guru - preceptor, teacher, venerable person, heavy, important

वाक्यात् (vākyāt) - from the instructions (from the word, from the statement, according to the advice)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, statement, sentence, advice

from √vac 'to speak'

Root: vac (class 2)

मरुत्तः (maruttaḥ) - Marutta

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of marutta

marutta - Marutta (name of an ancient king)

पृथिवीपतिः (pṛthivīpatiḥ) - king, lord of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛthivīpati

pṛthivīpati - king, sovereign, lord of the earth

from pṛthivī ('earth') + pati ('lord')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+pati)

• pṛthivī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, ruler
  noun (masculine)

विसृज्य (visṛjya) - having abandoned, having released, having cast aside

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from vi-√sṛj 'to release, abandon' with -ya suffix for absolutive in compound verbs

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

सशरम् (saśaram) - with arrows, arrow-equipped

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saśara

saśara - with arrows, accompanied by arrows

from sa ('with') + śara ('arrow')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+śara)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with cāpam (neuter).

चापम् (cāpam) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cāpa

cāpa - bow, arc

स्वस्थः (svasthaḥ) - peaceful and composed (healthy, well, self-reliant, at peace)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svastha

svastha - self-abiding, healthy, well, at ease, independent

from sva ('self, own') + stha ('standing')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sva+stha)

• sva – self, own
  pronoun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  from √sthā 'to stand'
  Root: sthā (class 1)

मखमुखः (makhamukhaḥ) - one who is prepared to commence or preside over a Vedic ritual (ready to lead a Vedic ritual, facing a Vedic ritual)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of makhamukha

makhamukha - chief of a Vedic ritual, one who begins a Vedic ritual, having the face of a Vedic ritual

from makha ('Vedic ritual') + mukha ('face, front, beginning')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa or bahuvrīhi (makha+mukha)

• makha – Vedic ritual, festival, joyful occasion
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• mukha – face, mouth, front, beginning, chief
  noun (neuter)

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

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