वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-18, verse-17

ततस्तं निर्जितं मत्वा घोषयामास वै शुकः ।
रावणो जितवांश्चेति हर्षान्नादं च मुक्तवान् ॥१७॥

17. tatastaṃ nirjitaṃ matvā ghoṣayāmāsa vai śukaḥ ,
rāvaṇo jitavāṃśceti harṣānnādaṃ ca muktavān.

17. tataḥ tam nirjitam matvā ghoṣayāmāsa vai śukaḥ
rāvaṇaḥ jitavān ca iti harṣāt nādam ca muktavān

17. tataḥ śukaḥ tam nirjitam matvā vai ghoṣayāmāsa
rāvaṇaḥ jitavān iti ca harṣāt nādam ca muktavān

17. Thereafter, Sukha, believing Marutta to be defeated, indeed proclaimed, "Ravana has triumphed!" and released a shout of joy.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• तम् (tam) - referring to Marutta (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• निर्जितम् (nirjitam) - conquered, defeated, subdued

• मत्वा (matvā) - having thought, having considered, considering

• घोषयामास (ghoṣayāmāsa) - he proclaimed, he announced

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, truly

• शुकः (śukaḥ) - Sukha (proper name)

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana

• जितवान् (jitavān) - has conquered, has won

• च (ca) - and, also

• इति (iti) - thus, so, (marks a quotation)

• हर्षात् (harṣāt) - from joy, out of delight

• नादम् (nādam) - a shout (sound, cry, roar)

• च (ca) - and, also

• मुक्तवान् (muktavān) - he released, he uttered, he freed

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - referring to Marutta (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

accusative singular masculine of 'tad'

निर्जितम् (nirjitam) - conquered, defeated, subdued

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nirjita

nirjita - conquered, defeated, subdued, overcome

Past Passive Participle

from nir-√ji 'to conquer, subdue'

Prefix: nir

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Used here adjectivally to describe 'him' (Marutta).

मत्वा (matvā) - having thought, having considered, considering

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from √man 'to think, believe' with -tvā suffix

Root: man (class 4)

घोषयामास (ghoṣayāmāsa) - he proclaimed, he announced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of ghoṣaya

Causative conjugation

Periphrastic perfect form (āmāsa from √as) of the causative stem from √ghuṣ 'to sound'

Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, truly

(indeclinable)

शुकः (śukaḥ) - Sukha (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuka

śuka - Sukha (name of a sage, typically a parrot)

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (proper name of the demon king)

जितवान् (jitavān) - has conquered, has won

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jitavat

jitavat - one who has conquered, victorious, triumphant

Past Active Participle

from √ji 'to conquer' with -tavat suffix

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Functions as a finite verb here, 'has conquered'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, so, (marks a quotation)

(indeclinable)

हर्षात् (harṣāt) - from joy, out of delight

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, pleasure, elation

from √hṛṣ 'to be delighted'

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

नादम् (nādam) - a shout (sound, cry, roar)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāda

nāda - sound, cry, roar, shout

from √nad 'to sound, roar'

Root: nad (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मुक्तवान् (muktavān) - he released, he uttered, he freed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muktavat

muktavat - one who has released/uttered/freed

Past Active Participle

from √muc 'to release, free, utter' with -tavat suffix

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Functions as a finite verb here, 'he uttered/released'.

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