वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-18, verse-11

नाधर्मसहितं श्लाघ्यं न लोकप्रतिसंहितम् ।
कर्म दौरात्म्यकं कृत्वा श्लाघसे भ्रातृनिर्जयात् ॥११॥

11. nādharmasahitaṃ ślāghyaṃ na lokapratisaṃhitam ,
karma daurātmyakaṃ kṛtvā ślāghase bhrātṛnirjayāt.

11. na adharmasahitam ślāghyam na lokapratiṣaṃhitam
karma daurātmyakam kṛtvā ślāghase bhrātṛnirjayāt

11. karma na adharmasahitam ślāghyam na lokapratiṣaṃhitam
daurātmyakam karma kṛtvā bhrātṛnirjayāt ślāghase

11. This action is neither laudable if it involves unrighteousness (adharma), nor if it is not beneficial to the people. Having performed such a wicked act, you boast about the conquest of your brother.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not

• अधर्मसहितम् (adharmasahitam) - accompanied by unrighteousness (adharma)

• श्लाघ्यम् (ślāghyam) - praiseworthy, laudable, commendable

• न (na) - nor

• लोकप्रतिषंहितम् (lokapratiṣaṁhitam) - connected to the welfare of people, beneficial to the people, approved by people

• कर्म (karma) - deed, action, work

• दौरात्म्यकम् (daurātmyakam) - wicked, malicious, evil-natured

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

• श्लाघसे (ślāghase) - you boast, you pride yourself

• भ्रातृनिर्जयात् (bhrātṛnirjayāt) - from the conquest of your (Rāvaṇa's) brother (Kubera) (from the conquest of a brother, from defeating a brother)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

particle of negation

अधर्मसहितम् (adharmasahitam) - accompanied by unrighteousness (adharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adharmasahita

adharmasahita - associated with unrighteousness, unjust

Compound `a` (negation) + `dharma` + `sahita` (accompanied).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+dharma+sahita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• dharma – righteousness, intrinsic nature, natural law, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• sahita – accompanied by, connected with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √sah (to bear, endure) or related to sam-hita
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective describing a 'deed' (karma).

श्लाघ्यम् (ślāghyam) - praiseworthy, laudable, commendable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ślāghya

ślāghya - laudable, praiseworthy, boastable

Gerundive (N.V.)

From `√ślāgh` (to praise, boast).

Root: ślāgh (class 1)

न (na) - nor

(indeclinable)

particle of negation

लोकप्रतिषंहितम् (lokapratiṣaṁhitam) - connected to the welfare of people, beneficial to the people, approved by people

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of lokapratiṣaṃhita

lokapratiṣaṁhita - connected with the world/people, beneficial to people

Compound `loka` + `pratisaṃhita`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+pratisaṃhita)

• loka – world, people, community
  noun (masculine)
• pratisaṃhita – connected with, belonging to, beneficial to
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `prati` + `sam` + `√dhā`
  Prefixes: prati+sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Predicate adjective describing `karma`.

कर्म (karma) - deed, action, work

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual action, fate (karma)

From `√kṛ` (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Implicitly the subject of 'is' (asti).

दौरात्म्यकम् (daurātmyakam) - wicked, malicious, evil-natured

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daurātmyaka

daurātmyaka - relating to wickedness, maliciousness, evil nature

From `durātman` (evil soul/nature) + `ka` (suffix).

Note: Describes the `karma` as the object of `kṛtvā`.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root `√kṛ`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

श्लाघसे (ślāghase) - you boast, you pride yourself

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ślāgh

Present Middle

Second person singular, present tense, middle voice.

Root: ślāgh (class 1)

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa.

भ्रातृनिर्जयात् (bhrātṛnirjayāt) - from the conquest of your (Rāvaṇa's) brother (Kubera) (from the conquest of a brother, from defeating a brother)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛnirjaya

bhrātṛnirjaya - conquest of a brother, victory over a brother

Compound `bhrātṛ` (brother) + `nirjaya` (conquest).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (bhrātṛ+nirjaya)

• bhrātṛ – brother
  noun (masculine)
• nirjaya – conquest, victory, defeat
  noun (masculine)
  from `nir` + `√jī`
  Prefix: nis
  Root: jī (class 1)

Note: The reason for boasting.

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