वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-96, verse-8

रावणस्य ततो रामो धनुर्मुक्तैः शितैः शरैः ।
चतुर्भिश्चतुरो दीप्तान् हयान्प्रत्यपसर्पयत् ॥८॥

8. rāvaṇasya tato rāmo dhanurmuktaiḥ śitaiḥ śaraiḥ ,
caturbhiścaturo dīptān hayānpratyapasarpayat.

8. rāvaṇasya tataḥ rāmaḥ dhanurmuktaiḥ śitaiḥ śaraiḥ
caturbhiḥ caturaḥ dīptān hayān prati apasarpayat

8. tataḥ rāmaḥ dhanurmuktaiḥ śitaiḥ caturbhiḥ śaraiḥ
rāvaṇasya caturaḥ dīptān hayān prati apasarpayat

8. Then, with four sharp arrows released from his bow, Rama caused Ravana's four splendid horses to retreat.

Words meanings summery:

• रावणस्य (rāvaṇasya) - of Ravana

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• धनुर्मुक्तैः (dhanurmuktaiḥ) - by arrows released from the bow (by those released from the bow, bow-released)

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - by sharp arrows (by sharp, keen, sharpened ones)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - by four

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four horses (four)

• दीप्तान् (dīptān) - splendid horses (shining, brilliant, splendid)

• हयान् (hayān) - horses

• प्रति (prati) - used with `apasarpayat` to mean 'back' (towards, against, in return)

• अपसर्पयत् (apasarpayat) - he caused to retreat, he drove back

Words meanings and morphology

रावणस्य (rāvaṇasya) - of Ravana

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (proper name of the king of Lanka)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name of a Hindu deity and prince of Ayodhya)

धनुर्मुक्तैः (dhanurmuktaiḥ) - by arrows released from the bow (by those released from the bow, bow-released)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dhanurmukta

dhanurmukta - released from the bow, bow-shot

Compound (Tatpurusha) of dhanus and mukta

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhanus+mukta)

• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)
• mukta – released, liberated, abandoned
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root muc (to release)
  Root: muc (class 6)

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - by sharp arrows (by sharp, keen, sharpened ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, keen, whetted, made keen

Past Passive Participle

derived from root śo (to sharpen)

Root: śo (class 4)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed, kind of grass

चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - by four

(numeral)

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four horses (four)

(numeral)

दीप्तान् (dīptān) - splendid horses (shining, brilliant, splendid)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dīpta

dīpta - shining, brilliant, inflamed, illuminated

Past Passive Participle

derived from root dīp (to shine)

Root: dīp (class 4)

हयान् (hayān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

प्रति (prati) - used with `apasarpayat` to mean 'back' (towards, against, in return)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as a preposition or verbal prefix here, implying 'back' or 'in response to'.

अपसर्पयत् (apasarpayat) - he caused to retreat, he drove back

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of apasarpa

Causative Imperfect

root 'sṛp' (1st class) with prefix 'apa', causative form

Prefix: apa

Root: sṛp (class 1)