वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-96, verse-1

तौ तथा युध्यमानौ तु समरे रामरावणौ ।
ददृशुः सर्वभूतानि विस्मितेनान्तरात्मना ॥१॥

1. tau tathā yudhyamānau tu samare rāmarāvaṇau ,
dadṛśuḥ sarvabhūtāni vismitenāntarātmanā.

1. tau tathā yudhyamānau tu samare rāmarāvaṇau
dadṛśuḥ sarvabhūtāni vismitena antarātmanā

1. sarvabhūtāni vismitena antarātmanā samare tathā yudhyamānau tau rāmarāvaṇau dadṛśuḥ.

1. All creatures, with astonished hearts (antarātman), watched Rāma and Rāvaṇa thus fighting in that battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - Rāma and Rāvaṇa (those two (masculine))

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• युध्यमानौ (yudhyamānau) - fighting (dual)

• तु (tu) - but, and, indeed

• समरे (samare) - in battle, on the battlefield

• रामरावणौ (rāmarāvaṇau) - Rāma and Rāvaṇa

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw, beheld

• सर्वभूतानि (sarvabhūtāni) - all beings/creatures

• विस्मितेन (vismitena) - with astonishment, surprised

• अन्तरात्मना (antarātmanā) - with inner self, mind, heart

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - Rāma and Rāvaṇa (those two (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to Rāma and Rāvaṇa, acting as the object of 'watched' (`dadṛśuḥ`).

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Adverbial formation from pronoun `tad`

युध्यमानौ (yudhyamānau) - fighting (dual)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, engaged in battle

Present Middle Participle

Present middle participle of `yudh` (4th class, P.)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `tau rāmarāvaṇau`.

तु (tu) - but, and, indeed

(indeclinable)

Particle

समरे (samare) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

From `sam` (together) + `ṛ` (to go, move)

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ (class 3)

रामरावणौ (rāmarāvaṇau) - Rāma and Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of rāmarāvaṇa

rāmarāvaṇa - Rāma and Rāvaṇa (as a pair)

Compound type : dvandva (rāma+rāvaṇa)

• rāma – Rāma (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• rāvaṇa – Rāvaṇa (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Refers to Rāma and Rāvaṇa, acting as the object of 'watched' (`dadṛśuḥ`).

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect tense

Perfect (liṭ), parasmaipada, 3rd person plural

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject is `sarvabhūtāni`.

सर्वभूतानि (sarvabhūtāni) - all beings/creatures

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all creatures, all elements

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root `bhū`
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of `dadṛśuḥ`.

विस्मितेन (vismitena) - with astonishment, surprised

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vismita

vismita - astonished, surprised, amazed

Past Passive Participle

PPP of `vi-smi`

Prefix: vi

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `antarātmanā`.

अन्तरात्मना (antarātmanā) - with inner self, mind, heart

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of antarātman

antarātman - inner soul, inner self, mind, heart, conscience

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (antar+ātman)

• antar – inner, internal, within
  indeclinable
  Prefix/adverb
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)