वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-96, verse-4

अर्दयन् रावणं रामो राघवं चापि रावणः ।
गतिवेगं समापन्नौ प्रवर्तन निवर्तने ॥४॥

4. ardayan rāvaṇaṃ rāmo rāghavaṃ cāpi rāvaṇaḥ ,
gativegaṃ samāpannau pravartana nivartane.

4. ardayan rāvaṇam rāmaḥ rāghavam ca api rāvaṇaḥ
gativegam samāpannau pravartana nivartane

4. rāmaḥ rāvaṇam rāvaṇaḥ ca api rāghavam ardayan
(tau) pravartana nivartane gativegam samāpannau

4. While Rāma afflicted Rāvaṇa and Rāvaṇa likewise afflicted Rāma, both exhibited great speed of movement in their advancing and retreating actions.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्दयन् (ardayan) - tormenting, harming (tormenting, afflicting, paining, harassing)

• रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa (proper noun))

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (Rāma (proper noun))

• राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rāma (Rāma (descendant of Raghu))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - likewise, also (also, even, too)

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa (proper noun))

• गतिवेगम् (gativegam) - great speed of movement (speed of movement)

• समापन्नौ (samāpannau) - having achieved, having acquired (having attained, having reached, having entered)

• प्रवर्तन (pravartana) - advancing, initiating engagement (acting, engaging, advancing, beginning)

• निवर्तने (nivartane) - retreating, disengaging (retreating, ceasing, turning back)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्दयन् (ardayan) - tormenting, harming (tormenting, afflicting, paining, harassing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ardayat

ardayat - tormenting, afflicting

Present Active Participle (Causative)

From the causative stem of root ard 'to pain, torment', with the present participle suffix -at.

Root: ard (class 1)

रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king of Lanka)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (Rāma (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of a prominent deity and epic hero), pleasing, charming

राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rāma (Rāma (descendant of Raghu))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, an epithet of Rāma

Derived from Raghu (name of an ancestor) + aṇ (patronymic suffix).

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - likewise, also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king of Lanka)

गतिवेगम् (gativegam) - great speed of movement (speed of movement)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gativega

gativega - speed of movement, velocity

Compound of gati ('movement') and vega ('speed').

Compound type : tatpurusha (gati+vega)

• gati – going, movement, path
  noun (feminine)
  From root gam 'to go'.
  Root: gam (class 1)
• vega – speed, velocity, force, impulse
  noun (masculine)
  From root vij 'to move rapidly'.
  Root: vij (class 3)

समापन्नौ (samāpannau) - having achieved, having acquired (having attained, having reached, having entered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of samāpanna

samāpanna - attained, reached, encountered, happened

Past Passive Participle

From root pad 'to go, fall' with prefixes sam and ā.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: pad (class 4)

प्रवर्तन (pravartana) - advancing, initiating engagement (acting, engaging, advancing, beginning)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pravartana

pravartana - setting in motion, commencing, acting, advancing, activity

From root vṛt 'to turn' with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

निवर्तने (nivartane) - retreating, disengaging (retreating, ceasing, turning back)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of nivartana

nivartana - turning back, retreating, ceasing, cessation

From root vṛt 'to turn' with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: pravartana and nivartane are dual accusative, referring to the two actions engaged in.