वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-93, verse-20

उपयानापयाने च स्थानं प्रत्यपसर्पणम् ।
सर्वमेतद् रथस्थेन ज्ञेयं रथकुटुम्बिना ॥२०॥

20. upayānāpayāne ca sthānaṃ pratyapasarpaṇam ,
sarvametad rathasthena jñeyaṃ rathakuṭumbinā.

20. upayānāpayāne ca sthānam pratyapasarpaṇam
sarvam etat rathasthena jñeyam rathakuṭumbinā

20. etat sarvam upayānāpayāne ca sthānam pratyapasarpaṇam ca rathasthena rathakuṭumbinā jñeyam.

20. Approaching and retreating, holding one's ground, and tactical repositioning—all this must be understood by the charioteer, the master of the chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• उपयानापयाने (upayānāpayāne) - strategic approaching and retreating (approach and retreat, advance and withdrawal)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• स्थानम् (sthānam) - maintaining position, holding ground (standing, position, place, firmness, holding ground)

• प्रत्यपसर्पणम् (pratyapasarpaṇam) - tactical repositioning or counter-movement (moving back, retreat, counter-movement, strategic repositioning)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (these things) (all, whole, entire)

• एतत् (etat) - this (this, this one)

• रथस्थेन (rathasthena) - by the charioteer (warrior) (by the one standing in the chariot, by the charioteer)

• ज्ञेयम् (jñeyam) - must be understood (should be known, is to be ascertained)

• रथकुटुम्बिना (rathakuṭumbinā) - by the master of the chariot (i.e., the warrior controlling it) (by the master of the chariot, by the charioteer (warrior))

Words meanings and morphology

उपयानापयाने (upayānāpayāne) - strategic approaching and retreating (approach and retreat, advance and withdrawal)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of upayānāpayāna

upayānāpayāna - advance and retreat

Dvandva compound of upayāna (advance) and apayāna (retreat)

Compound type : dvandva (upayāna+apayāna)

• upayāna – approach, advance
  noun (neuter)
  From upa-√yā (to approach)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: yā (class 2)
• apayāna – retreat, withdrawal
  noun (neuter)
  From apa-√yā (to go away)
  Prefix: apa
  Root: yā (class 2)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

स्थानम् (sthānam) - maintaining position, holding ground (standing, position, place, firmness, holding ground)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthāna

sthāna - standing, position, place, state

From √sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Null verb implied 'should be known'.

प्रत्यपसर्पणम् (pratyapasarpaṇam) - tactical repositioning or counter-movement (moving back, retreat, counter-movement, strategic repositioning)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratyapasarpaṇa

pratyapasarpaṇa - moving back, retreat, counter-movement

From prati-apa-√sṛp (to creep back, to move back)

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (prati+apa+sarpaṇa)

• prati – against, back, in return
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• apa – away, off
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• sarpaṇa – creeping, moving, going
  noun (neuter)
  From √sṛp (to creep, to move)
  Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Null verb implied 'should be known'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (these things) (all, whole, entire)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

universal pronoun

Note: Refers to the preceding list of items.

एतत् (etat) - this (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the preceding list of items.

रथस्थेन (rathasthena) - by the charioteer (warrior) (by the one standing in the chariot, by the charioteer)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rathastha

rathastha - standing in a chariot, charioteer, warrior in a chariot

Bahuvrīhi compound: ratha (chariot) + stha (standing)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh
• stha – standing, situated, being in
  adjective (masculine)
  From √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agent of the action 'jñeyam'.

ज्ञेयम् (jñeyam) - must be understood (should be known, is to be ascertained)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jñeya

jñeya - knowable, to be known, to be ascertained

Gerundive

Gerundive of √jñā (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Functions as the main verb of the sentence.

रथकुटुम्बिना (rathakuṭumbinā) - by the master of the chariot (i.e., the warrior controlling it) (by the master of the chariot, by the charioteer (warrior))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rathakuṭumbin

rathakuṭumbin - one whose household is a chariot, master of a chariot, charioteer

Bahuvrīhi compound: ratha (chariot) + kuṭumbin (householder)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ratha+kuṭumbin)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh
• kuṭumbin – householder, family man, master of a family
  noun (masculine)
  From kuṭumba (family) + -in suffix

Note: Provides additional qualification for rathasthena.