वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-93, verse-18

देशकालौ च विज्ञेयौ लक्षणानीङ्गितानि च ।
दैन्यं हर्षश्च खेदश्च रथिनश्च बलाबलम् ॥१८॥

18. deśakālau ca vijñeyau lakṣaṇānīṅgitāni ca ,
dainyaṃ harṣaśca khedaśca rathinaśca balābalam.

18. deśakālau ca vijñeyau lakṣaṇāni iṅgitāni ca
dainyam harṣaḥ ca khedaḥ ca rathinaḥ ca balābalam

18. deśakālau ca vijñeyau; lakṣaṇāni iṅgitāni ca (vijñeyāni); rathinaḥ dainyam harṣaḥ ca khedaḥ ca balābalam ca (vijñeyam).

18. One should ascertain the place and time, as well as the signs and indications (of the enemy). Also (one should know) the charioteer's dejection, joy, weariness, and his strength and weakness.

Words meanings summery:

• देशकालौ (deśakālau) - the specific geographical location and timing of battle (place and time)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विज्ञेयौ (vijñeyau) - should be ascertained (should be known, are to be ascertained)

• लक्षणानि (lakṣaṇāni) - (enemy's) signs or characteristics (signs, characteristics, symptoms)

• इङ्गितानि (iṅgitāni) - (enemy's) gestures or indications (gestures, movements, indications, hints)

• च (ca) - as well as (and, also)

• दैन्यम् (dainyam) - dejection (of the charioteer) (misery, wretchedness, dejection, humility)

• हर्षः (harṣaḥ) - joy (of the charioteer) (joy, delight, elation, thrill)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• खेदः (khedaḥ) - weariness (of the charioteer) (weariness, fatigue, sorrow, distress)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - of the charioteer (of the charioteer, of the warrior in a chariot)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• बलाबलम् (balābalam) - strength and weakness (of the charioteer) (strength and weakness, strength or weakness, comparative strength)

Words meanings and morphology

देशकालौ (deśakālau) - the specific geographical location and timing of battle (place and time)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of deśakāla

deśakāla - place and time

Dvandva compound of deśa and kāla

Compound type : dvandva (deśa+kāla)

• deśa – place, region
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

विज्ञेयौ (vijñeyau) - should be ascertained (should be known, are to be ascertained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vijñeya

vijñeya - knowable, to be known, to be ascertained

Gerundive

Gerundive of vi-√jñā (to know, to ascertain)

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

लक्षणानि (lakṣaṇāni) - (enemy's) signs or characteristics (signs, characteristics, symptoms)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of lakṣaṇa

lakṣaṇa - mark, sign, characteristic, attribute

Note: Null verb implied 'should be known'.

इङ्गितानि (iṅgitāni) - (enemy's) gestures or indications (gestures, movements, indications, hints)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of iṅgita

iṅgita - gesture, sign, indication, movement

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

PPP of √iṅg (to move, to stir)

Root: iṅg (class 1)

Note: Null verb implied 'should be known'.

च (ca) - as well as (and, also)

(indeclinable)

दैन्यम् (dainyam) - dejection (of the charioteer) (misery, wretchedness, dejection, humility)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dainya

dainya - wretchedness, misery, dejection, humbleness

Derived from dīna (wretched) + -ya suffix

Note: Null verb implied 'should be known'.

हर्षः (harṣaḥ) - joy (of the charioteer) (joy, delight, elation, thrill)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, thrill

From √hṛṣ (to thrill, to be glad)

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Null verb implied 'should be known'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

खेदः (khedaḥ) - weariness (of the charioteer) (weariness, fatigue, sorrow, distress)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kheda

kheda - weariness, fatigue, distress, sorrow

From √khid (to be distressed)

Root: khid (class 1)

Note: Null verb implied 'should be known'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - of the charioteer (of the charioteer, of the warrior in a chariot)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior in a chariot

From ratha (chariot) + -in suffix

Note: Qualifies dainyam, harṣaḥ, khedaḥ, balābalam.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

बलाबलम् (balābalam) - strength and weakness (of the charioteer) (strength and weakness, strength or weakness, comparative strength)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of balābala

balābala - strength and weakness, relative strength

Dvandva compound of bala (strength) and abala (weakness)

Compound type : dvandva (bala+abala)

• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 1)
• abala – weakness, not strong
  adjective (masculine)
  nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of a + bala

Note: Null verb implied 'should be known'.