वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-93, verse-16

रथोद्वहनखिन्नाश्च त इमे रथवाजिनः ।
दीना घर्मपरिश्रान्ता गावो वर्षहता इव ॥१६॥

16. rathodvahanakhinnāśca ta ime rathavājinaḥ ,
dīnā gharmapariśrāntā gāvo varṣahatā iva.

16. rathodvahanakhinnāḥ ca te ime rathavājinaḥ
dīnāḥ gharmapariśrāntāḥ gāvaḥ varṣahatāḥ iva

16. And these chariot horses are exhausted from pulling the chariot, appearing distressed and thoroughly worn out by the heat, just like cows beaten down by rain.

Words meanings summery:

• रथोद्वहनखिन्नाः (rathodvahanakhinnāḥ) - exhausted from pulling the chariot

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ते (te) - these (those)

• इमे (ime) - these

• रथवाजिनः (rathavājinaḥ) - chariot horses

• दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - distressed (distressed, miserable, weak, weary)

• घर्मपरिश्रान्ताः (gharmapariśrāntāḥ) - thoroughly worn out by the heat (thoroughly exhausted by heat)

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows (cows, cattle)

• वर्षहताः (varṣahatāḥ) - beaten down by rain (struck by rain, damaged by rain)

• इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

Words meanings and morphology

रथोद्वहनखिन्नाः (rathodvahanakhinnāḥ) - exhausted from pulling the chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathodvahanakhinna

rathodvahanakhinna - exhausted from pulling a chariot

Compound meaning: ratha (chariot) + udvahana (pulling) + khinna (exhausted)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+udvahana+khinna)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh
• udvahana – pulling, carrying, raising
  noun (neuter)
  gerundive noun
  from root vah with prefix ud
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vah (class 1)
• khinna – exhausted, distressed, dejected
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from root khid
  Root: khid (class 7)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - these (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Used here as a demonstrative for the current topic, referring to the horses.

इमे (ime) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

रथवाजिनः (rathavājinaḥ) - chariot horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathavājin

rathavājin - chariot horse

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ratha+vājin)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh
• vājin – horse, strong, swift
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vāj

दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - distressed (distressed, miserable, weak, weary)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dīna

dīna - distressed, miserable, weak, weary

past passive participle

from root dī

Root: dī (class 4)

घर्मपरिश्रान्ताः (gharmapariśrāntāḥ) - thoroughly worn out by the heat (thoroughly exhausted by heat)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gharmapariśrānta

gharmapariśrānta - thoroughly exhausted by heat

Compound meaning: gharma (heat) + pariśrānta (thoroughly exhausted)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gharma+pariśrānta)

• gharma – heat, sweat, summer
  noun (masculine)
  from root ghṛ
  Root: ghṛ
• pariśrānta – thoroughly exhausted, very weary
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from root śram with prefix pari
  Prefix: pari
  Root: śram (class 4)

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows (cows, cattle)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle

वर्षहताः (varṣahatāḥ) - beaten down by rain (struck by rain, damaged by rain)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of varṣahata

varṣahata - struck by rain, damaged by rain

Compound meaning: varṣa (rain) + hata (struck/beaten)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṣa+hata)

• varṣa – rain, year
  noun (neuter)
  from root vṛṣ
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
• hata – struck, killed, damaged
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from root han
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: The word varṣahata takes the gender of the noun it qualifies, here 'gāvaḥ' (feminine plural).

इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)