वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-54, verse-8

ते निवृत्य तु संक्रुद्धाः कुम्भकर्णं वनौकसः ।
निजघ्नुः परमक्रुद्धाः समदा इव कुञ्जराः ।
प्रांशुभिर्गिरिशृङ्गैश्च शिलाभिश्च महाबलाः ॥८॥

8. te nivṛtya tu saṃkruddhāḥ kumbhakarṇaṃ vanaukasaḥ ,
nijaghnuḥ paramakruddhāḥ samadā iva kuñjarāḥ ,
prāṃśubhirgiriśṛṅgaiśca śilābhiśca mahābalāḥ.

8. te nivṛtya tu saṃkruddhāḥ kumbhakarṇam
vanaukasaḥ nijaghnuḥ paramakruddhāḥ
samadāḥ iva kuñjarāḥ prāṃśubhiḥ
giriśṛṅgaiḥ ca śilābhiḥ ca mahābalāḥ

8. te vanaukasaḥ tu saṃkruddhāḥ nivṛtya
kumbhakarṇam nijaghnuḥ mahābalāḥ
paramakruddhāḥ samadāḥ kuñjarāḥ iva prāṃśubhiḥ
giriśṛṅgaiḥ ca śilābhiḥ ca (nijaghnuḥ)

8. Having turned back, those forest-dwelling monkeys (vanaukasaḥ) became intensely enraged and struck Kumbhakarṇa. Extremely furious, like rutting elephants, these immensely powerful ones attacked him with tall mountain peaks and rocks.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those (monkeys) (they, those)

• निवृत्य (nivṛtya) - having turned back, having returned

• तु (tu) - emphasizing the action that follows 'having turned back' (but, indeed, however)

• संक्रुद्धाः (saṁkruddhāḥ) - very angry, enraged

• कुम्भकर्णम् (kumbhakarṇam) - Kumbhakarna (proper name)

• वनौकसः (vanaukasaḥ) - the monkeys fighting Kumbhakarna (forest-dwellers, monkeys)

• निजघ्नुः (nijaghnuḥ) - they struck (Kumbhakarna) (they struck, they killed)

• परमक्रुद्धाः (paramakruddhāḥ) - supremely enraged, extremely angry

• समदाः (samadāḥ) - like elephants in rut (rutting, in rut (of elephants), intoxicated)

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• कुञ्जराः (kuñjarāḥ) - elephants

• प्रांशुभिः (prāṁśubhiḥ) - with tall (mountain peaks) (with tall ones, with elevated ones)

• गिरिशृङ्गैः (giriśṛṅgaiḥ) - with mountain peaks

• च (ca) - and

• शिलाभिः (śilābhiḥ) - with rocks, with stones

• च (ca) - and

• महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - the immensely powerful monkeys (immensely powerful, mighty)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those (monkeys) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

निवृत्य (nivṛtya) - having turned back, having returned

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from verb root vṛt (to turn) with prefix ni, forming an absolutive.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तु (tu) - emphasizing the action that follows 'having turned back' (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

संक्रुद्धाः (saṁkruddhāḥ) - very angry, enraged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - very angry, enraged

past passive participle

Derived from root krudh (to be angry) with prefix sam, forming a past passive participle.

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

कुम्भकर्णम् (kumbhakarṇam) - Kumbhakarna (proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - Kumbhakarna (a giant Rākṣasa brother of Rāvaṇa)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kumbha+karṇa)

• kumbha – pot, jar
  noun (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

वनौकसः (vanaukasaḥ) - the monkeys fighting Kumbhakarna (forest-dwellers, monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vanaukas

vanaukas - forest-dweller, inhabitant of the forest

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+okas)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• okas – dwelling, habitation, home
  noun (neuter)

निजघ्नुः (nijaghnuḥ) - they struck (Kumbhakarna) (they struck, they killed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of nijaghnuḥ

Root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni. Forms the perfect tense, 3rd person plural.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

परमक्रुद्धाः (paramakruddhāḥ) - supremely enraged, extremely angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paramakruddha

paramakruddha - supremely enraged, extremely angry

past passive participle

Compound of parama (supreme) and kruddha (enraged, a past passive participle of krudh).

Compound type : karmadharaya (parama+kruddha)

• parama – highest, supreme, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• kruddha – enraged, angry
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Past passive participle of root krudh (to be angry).
  Root: krudh (class 4)

समदाः (samadāḥ) - like elephants in rut (rutting, in rut (of elephants), intoxicated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samada

samada - rutting (of elephants), intoxicated, proud

From prefix sa- (with) and mada (intoxication, rut).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+mada)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• mada – intoxication, rut, passion, pride
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mad (class 4)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

कुञ्जराः (kuñjarāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant

प्रांशुभिः (prāṁśubhiḥ) - with tall (mountain peaks) (with tall ones, with elevated ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prāṃśu

prāṁśu - tall, lofty, high

Note: Adjective modifying giriśṛṅgaiḥ.

गिरिशृङ्गैः (giriśṛṅgaiḥ) - with mountain peaks

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of giriśṛṅga

giriśṛṅga - mountain peak

Compound type : tatpurusha (giri+śṛṅga)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• śṛṅga – horn, peak, summit
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शिलाभिः (śilābhiḥ) - with rocks, with stones

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of śilā

śilā - rock, stone, slab

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - the immensely powerful monkeys (immensely powerful, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahābala

mahābala - immensely powerful, very strong

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

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