वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-54, verse-21

भीरुप्रवादाः श्रूयन्ते यस्तु जीवति धिक्कृतः ।
मार्गः सत्पुरुषैर्जुष्टः सेव्यतां त्यज्यतां भयम् ॥२१॥

21. bhīrupravādāḥ śrūyante yastu jīvati dhikkṛtaḥ ,
mārgaḥ satpuruṣairjuṣṭaḥ sevyatāṃ tyajyatāṃ bhayam.

21. bhīrupravādāḥ śrūyante yaḥ tu jīvati dhikkṛtaḥ
mārgaḥ satpuruṣaiḥ juṣṭaḥ sevyatām tyajyatām bhayam

21. bhīrupravādāḥ śrūyante tu yaḥ jīvati dhikkṛtaḥ
satpuruṣaiḥ juṣṭaḥ mārgaḥ sevyatām bhayam tyajyatām

21. Cowardly words are heard: 'Indeed, he who merely lives is scorned.' Therefore, the path frequented by noble persons should be followed, and fear should be abandoned.

Words meanings summery:

• भीरुप्रवादाः (bhīrupravādāḥ) - cowardly sayings, words of cowards

• श्रूयन्ते (śrūyante) - they are heard

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• तु (tu) - indeed (introducing a contrast or emphasis) (but, indeed, however)

• जीवति (jīvati) - merely lives (implying a life without honor) (he lives, one lives)

• धिक्कृतः (dhikkṛtaḥ) - scorned, condemned, disgraced

• मार्गः (mārgaḥ) - path, way, road

• सत्पुरुषैः (satpuruṣaiḥ) - by noble persons, by virtuous men

• जुष्टः (juṣṭaḥ) - frequented, served, followed

• सेव्यताम् (sevyatām) - let it be followed, let it be served

• त्यज्यताम् (tyajyatām) - let it be abandoned, let it be forsaken

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear

Words meanings and morphology

भीरुप्रवादाः (bhīrupravādāḥ) - cowardly sayings, words of cowards

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīrupravāda

bhīrupravāda - cowardly speech, the sayings of cowards

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhīru+pravāda)

• bhīru – coward, timid, fearful
  adjective (masculine)
• pravāda – saying, rumour, common report, tradition
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vad (class 1)

श्रूयन्ते (śrūyante) - they are heard

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (lat) of śru

Root 'śru', 5th class, passive voice formation.

Root: śru (class 5)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yat

yat - who, which, what, that

तु (tu) - indeed (introducing a contrast or emphasis) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

जीवति (jīvati) - merely lives (implying a life without honor) (he lives, one lives)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of jīv

Root 'jīv', 1st class, present tense active voice.

Root: jīv (class 1)

धिक्कृतः (dhikkṛtaḥ) - scorned, condemned, disgraced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhikkṛta

dhikkṛta - scorned, despised, condemned, cursed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the interjection 'dhik' (fie! shame!) and the root 'kṛ' (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

मार्गः (mārgaḥ) - path, way, road

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārga

mārga - path, road, way, course

सत्पुरुषैः (satpuruṣaiḥ) - by noble persons, by virtuous men

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of satpuruṣa

satpuruṣa - a good or virtuous man, a noble person

Compound type : karmadharaya (sat+puruṣa)

• sat – good, virtuous, true, real, noble
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Present active participle of 'as' (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)
• puruṣa – man, person, male, human being
  noun (masculine)

जुष्टः (juṣṭaḥ) - frequented, served, followed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of juṣṭa

juṣṭa - frequented, resorted to, followed, served, pleased, liked

Past Passive Participle

From root 'juṣ' (to frequent, serve, enjoy)

Root: juṣ (class 1)

सेव्यताम् (sevyatām) - let it be followed, let it be served

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (lot) of sev

Root 'sev', 1st class, imperative mood, passive voice.

Root: sev (class 1)

त्यज्यताम् (tyajyatām) - let it be abandoned, let it be forsaken

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (lot) of tyaj

Root 'tyaj', 1st class, imperative mood, passive voice.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear

(noun)

neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

Root: bhī (class 3)

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