वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-54, verse-19

कुलेषु जाताः सर्वे स्म विस्तीर्णेषु महत्सु च ।
अनार्याः खलु यद्भीतास्त्यक्त्वा वीर्यं प्रधावत ॥१९॥

19. kuleṣu jātāḥ sarve sma vistīrṇeṣu mahatsu ca ,
anāryāḥ khalu yadbhītāstyaktvā vīryaṃ pradhāvata.

19. kuleṣu jātāḥ sarve sma vistīrṇeṣu mahatsu ca
anāryāḥ khalu yat bhītāḥ tyaktvā vīryam pradhāvata

19. All of us were born into extensive and great families. It is truly ignoble that you, being terrified and having abandoned your valor, flee!

Words meanings summery:

• कुलेषु (kuleṣu) - in families, in clans, in lineages

• जाताः (jātāḥ) - born, produced, become

• सर्वे (sarve) - all of us (monkeys) (all, everyone)

• स्म (sma) - (making 'are born' into 'were born') (a particle indicating past tense or emphasis)

• विस्तीर्णेषु (vistīrṇeṣu) - in extensive, in wide-spread

• महत्सु (mahatsu) - in great, in noble

• च (ca) - and, also

• अनार्याः (anāryāḥ) - ignoble (for you to flee) (ignoble, unworthy, non-Aryan)

• खलु (khalu) - truly (indeed, surely, certainly)

• यत् (yat) - that (it is ignoble that) (that, because, which)

• भीताः (bhītāḥ) - afraid, terrified

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left, having forsaken

• वीर्यम् (vīryam) - valor, strength, heroism, prowess

• प्रधावत (pradhāvata) - you run away, you flee

Words meanings and morphology

कुलेषु (kuleṣu) - in families, in clans, in lineages

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of kula

kula - family, clan, race, lineage

जाताः (jātāḥ) - born, produced, become

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jāta

jāta - born, produced, happened

past passive participle

From root jan (to be born, to produce).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with sarve.

सर्वे (sarve) - all of us (monkeys) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Masculine nominative plural.

स्म (sma) - (making 'are born' into 'were born') (a particle indicating past tense or emphasis)

(indeclinable)

विस्तीर्णेषु (vistīrṇeṣu) - in extensive, in wide-spread

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of vistīrṇa

vistīrṇa - extensive, wide, spread out

past passive participle

From vi + str̥ (to spread).

Prefix: vi

Root: str̥ (class 5)

महत्सु (mahatsu) - in great, in noble

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of mahat

mahat - great, large, noble, exalted

From root mah (to grow, to be great).

Root: mah (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अनार्याः (anāryāḥ) - ignoble (for you to flee) (ignoble, unworthy, non-Aryan)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anārya

anārya - ignoble, unworthy, not noble, non-Aryan

Negative compound an + ārya (noble).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ārya)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• ārya – noble, honorable, civilized
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Predicative adjective, implying 'you are ignoble'.

खलु (khalu) - truly (indeed, surely, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

यत् (yat) - that (it is ignoble that) (that, because, which)

(pronoun)

of yat

yat - which, that, because, since

Relative pronoun (neuter nominative/accusative singular) or conjunction. Here, a conjunction introducing a clause.

भीताः (bhītāḥ) - afraid, terrified

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīta

bhīta - afraid, terrified, fearful

past passive participle

From root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left, having forsaken

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root tyaj (to abandon, to leave) + suffix ktvā.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

वीर्यम् (vīryam) - valor, strength, heroism, prowess

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - valor, strength, heroism, energy, prowess

From vīra (hero).

Note: Object of 'having abandoned'.

प्रधावत (pradhāvata) - you run away, you flee

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, present / imperative (laṭ / loṭ) of pra-dhāv

present active / imperative active

Formed with prefix pra (forth, away). Could be present indicative or imperative 2nd plural. Context implies a strong command/exclamation.

Prefix: pra

Root: dhāv (class 1)

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