वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-54, verse-14

ते स्थलानि तथा निम्नं विषण्णवदना भयात् ।
ऋक्षा वृक्षान् समारूढाः के चित् पर्वतमाश्रिताः ॥१४॥

14. te sthalāni tathā nimnaṃ viṣaṇṇavadanā bhayāt ,
ṛkṣā vṛkṣān samārūḍhāḥ ke cit parvatamāśritāḥ.

14. te sthalāni tathā nimnam viṣaṇṇavadanāḥ bhayāt
ṛkṣāḥ vṛkṣān samārūḍhāḥ ke cit parvatam āśritāḥ

14. bhayāt viṣaṇṇavadanāḥ te sthalāni tathā nimnam (jagmuḥ/gacchantaḥ).
ṛkṣāḥ vṛkṣān samārūḍhāḥ; ke cit parvatam āśritāḥ.

14. With dejected faces from fear, they traversed high and low grounds. Some bears climbed trees, and others sought refuge on mountains.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they, those

• स्थलानि (sthalāni) - high grounds, dry lands

• तथा (tathā) - and, thus, so, similarly

• निम्नम् (nimnam) - low ground, deep places, depths

• विषण्णवदनाः (viṣaṇṇavadanāḥ) - with dejected faces, sad-faced

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, out of fear

• ऋक्षाः (ṛkṣāḥ) - bears, specific group of monkeys

• वृक्षान् (vṛkṣān) - trees

• समारूढाः (samārūḍhāḥ) - climbed up, ascended

• के (ke) - some, who

• चित् (cit) - particle indicating indefiniteness, some, any

• पर्वतम् (parvatam) - mountain

• आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - resorted to, sought refuge in

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

स्थलानि (sthalāni) - high grounds, dry lands

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sthala

sthala - dry ground, high ground, place, spot

Note: Object of an implied verb of motion (e.g., 'went through').

तथा (tathā) - and, thus, so, similarly

(indeclinable)

निम्नम् (nimnam) - low ground, deep places, depths

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nimna

nimna - low, deep, sunken; low ground, depth, hollow

विषण्णवदनाः (viṣaṇṇavadanāḥ) - with dejected faces, sad-faced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viṣaṇṇavadana

viṣaṇṇavadana - having a dejected face, sad-faced

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (viṣaṇṇa+vadana)

• viṣaṇṇa – dejected, disheartened, sad
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root sad (to sink, be dejected) with prefix vi- and suffix -ṇa.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sad (class 1)
• vadana – face, mouth, speech
  noun (neuter)
  From root vad (to speak).
  Root: vad (class 1)

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, out of fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

Root: bhī (class 3)

ऋक्षाः (ṛkṣāḥ) - bears, specific group of monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛkṣa

ṛkṣa - bear, a class of monkeys/forest dwellers, star

Note: Subject of 'samārūḍhāḥ'.

वृक्षान् (vṛkṣān) - trees

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

Note: Object of 'samārūḍhāḥ'.

समारूढाः (samārūḍhāḥ) - climbed up, ascended

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samārūḍha

samārūḍha - ascended, mounted, climbed up

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ruh (to grow, ascend) with prefixes sam- and ā- and suffix -ḍha.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

के (ke) - some, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - what, which, who

चित् (cit) - particle indicating indefiniteness, some, any

(indeclinable)

पर्वतम् (parvatam) - mountain

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parvata

parvata - mountain, hill, rock

Note: Object of 'āśritāḥ'.

आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - resorted to, sought refuge in

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āśrita

āśrita - resorted to, sought refuge in, dependent on

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śri (to resort to, seek refuge) with prefix ā- and suffix -ita.

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

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