वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-54, verse-12

लङ्घयन्तः प्रधावन्तो वानरा नावलोकयन् ।
के चित् समुद्रे पतिताः के चिद्गगनमाश्रिताः ॥१२॥

12. laṅghayantaḥ pradhāvanto vānarā nāvalokayan ,
ke cit samudre patitāḥ ke cidgaganamāśritāḥ.

12. laṅghayantaḥ pradhāvantaḥ vānarāḥ na avalokayan
ke cit samudre patitāḥ ke cit gaganam āśritāḥ

12. vānarāḥ laṅghayantaḥ pradhāvantaḥ na avalokayan.
ke cit samudre patitāḥ; ke cit gaganam āśritāḥ.

12. The monkeys, leaping and fleeing, did not look back. Some fell into the ocean, while others took refuge in the sky.

Words meanings summery:

• लङ्घयन्तः (laṅghayantaḥ) - leaping, jumping over

• प्रधावन्तः (pradhāvantaḥ) - running forth, fleeing

• वानराः (vānarāḥ) - monkeys

• न (na) - not, no

• अवलोकयन् (avalokayan) - they looked back, they observed

• के (ke) - some, who

• चित् (cit) - particle indicating indefiniteness, some, any

• समुद्रे (samudre) - in the ocean

• पतिताः (patitāḥ) - fallen

• के (ke) - some, who

• चित् (cit) - particle indicating indefiniteness, some, any

• गगनम् (gaganam) - sky, atmosphere

• आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - resorted to, sought refuge in

Words meanings and morphology

लङ्घयन्तः (laṅghayantaḥ) - leaping, jumping over

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of laṅghayat

laṅghayat - leaping, jumping over, transgressing

Present Active Participle

Derived from the causative stem of root laṅgh (to leap, jump, transgress) with present participle suffix -at.

Root: laṅgh (class 1)

प्रधावन्तः (pradhāvantaḥ) - running forth, fleeing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pradhāvat

pradhāvat - running forth, fleeing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dhāv (to run) with prefix pra- and present participle suffix -at.

Prefix: pra

Root: dhāv (class 1)

वानराः (vānarāḥ) - monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अवलोकयन् (avalokayan) - they looked back, they observed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of avalok

Root lok (to see) with prefix ava-. In the 10th class, it often takes the causative suffix -aya.

Prefix: ava

Root: lok (class 10)

के (ke) - some, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - what, which, who

चित् (cit) - particle indicating indefiniteness, some, any

(indeclinable)

समुद्रे (samudre) - in the ocean

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

पतिताः (patitāḥ) - fallen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of patita

patita - fallen, descended, dropped

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pat (to fall) with suffix -ita.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (e.g., 'vānarāḥ').

के (ke) - some, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - what, which, who

चित् (cit) - particle indicating indefiniteness, some, any

(indeclinable)

गगनम् (gaganam) - sky, atmosphere

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gagana

gagana - sky, atmosphere, firmament

आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - resorted to, sought refuge in

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āśrita

āśrita - resorted to, sought refuge in, dependent on

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śri (to resort to, seek refuge) with prefix ā- and suffix -ita.

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (e.g., 'vānarāḥ').