वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-54, verse-16

तान् समीक्ष्याङ्गदो भङ्गान् वानरानिदमब्रवीत् ।
अवतिष्ठत युध्यामो निवर्तध्वं प्लवंगमाः ॥१६॥

16. tān samīkṣyāṅgado bhaṅgān vānarānidamabravīt ,
avatiṣṭhata yudhyāmo nivartadhvaṃ plavaṃgamāḥ.

16. tān samīkṣya aṅgadaḥ bhaṅgān vānarān idam abravīt
avatiṣṭhata yudhyāmaḥ nivartadhvam plavaṅgamāḥ

16. Angada, observing those routed monkeys, said this: 'Stand firm! Let us fight! Turn back, O monkeys!'

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those (routed monkeys) (them, those)

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

• अङ्गदः (aṅgadaḥ) - Angada (proper name)

• भङ्गान् (bhaṅgān) - broken ones, routed ones, defeated ones

• वानरान् (vānarān) - monkeys

• इदम् (idam) - this

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

• अवतिष्ठत (avatiṣṭhata) - stand firm, stay

• युध्यामः (yudhyāmaḥ) - let us fight, we fight

• निवर्तध्वम् (nivartadhvam) - turn back, return

• प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - O monkeys, O jumpers

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those (routed monkeys) (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from prefix sam + īkṣ (from īkṣ 'to see') + suffix ya (for absolutive with prefix).

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

अङ्गदः (aṅgadaḥ) - Angada (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṅgada

aṅgada - Angada (name of a Vanara prince, son of Vali)

भङ्गान् (bhaṅgān) - broken ones, routed ones, defeated ones

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhaṅga

bhaṅga - breaking, shattering, defeat, rout

From root bhañj (to break).

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Accusative plural, referring to the monkeys.

वानरान् (vānarān) - monkeys

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape-man (often specifically referring to Hanuman's race)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

imperfect active

Past tense, 'a' augment indicates imperfect.

Root: brū (class 2)

अवतिष्ठत (avatiṣṭhata) - stand firm, stay

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of ava-sthā

imperative active

Formed with prefix ava.

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

युध्यामः (yudhyāmaḥ) - let us fight, we fight

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yudh

present active

Often implies 'let us fight' in such contexts.

Root: yudh (class 4)

निवर्तध्वम् (nivartadhvam) - turn back, return

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, imperative (loṭ) of ni-vṛt

imperative middle

Formed with prefix ni. nivartate "turns back".

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - O monkeys, O jumpers

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey, 'one who goes by jumping'

Compound of plava (jump) + gama (going).

Compound type : tatpurusha (plava+gama)

• plava – jump, leap, floating
  noun (masculine)
  From root plu (to float, to swim, to jump).
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, moving, a goer
  adjective (masculine)
  From root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used as an address.

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