वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-66, verse-6

तवादर्शनजः शोको भूयो मां परितापयेत् ।
दुःखाद्दुःखपराभूतां दुर्गतां दुःखभागिनीम् ॥६॥

6. tavādarśanajaḥ śoko bhūyo māṃ paritāpayet ,
duḥkhādduḥkhaparābhūtāṃ durgatāṃ duḥkhabhāginīm.

6. tava adarśanajaḥ śokaḥ bhūyaḥ mām paritāpayet
duḥkhāt duḥkhaparābhūtām durgatām duḥkhabhāginīm

6. tava adarśanajaḥ śokaḥ bhūyaḥ duḥkhāt duḥkhaparābhūtām
durgatām duḥkhabhāginīm mām paritāpayet

6. The sorrow arising from your absence would torment me even more, me who is already overwhelmed by continuous suffering (duḥkha), utterly distressed, and steeped in misery.

Words meanings summery:

• तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

• अदर्शनजः (adarśanajaḥ) - arising from your absence (born from not seeing, born from absence)

• शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow (sorrow, grief, lamentation)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - even more, further (again, further, more, greatly)

• माम् (mām) - me

• परितापयेत् (paritāpayet) - would torment (would torment, would distress)

• दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - by continuous suffering (from suffering, due to misery)

• दुःखपराभूताम् (duḥkhaparābhūtām) - overwhelmed by continuous suffering (overcome by suffering, defeated by misery)

• दुर्गताम् (durgatām) - utterly distressed (distressed, miserable, unfortunate, fallen into evil state)

• दुःखभागिनीम् (duḥkhabhāginīm) - steeped in misery (sharing in suffering, partaking of misery)

Words meanings and morphology

तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

अदर्शनजः (adarśanajaḥ) - arising from your absence (born from not seeing, born from absence)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adarśanaja

adarśanaja - born from non-seeing, originating from absence

Compound: A-darśana-ja (not-seeing-born)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+darśana+ja)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• darśana – seeing, vision, appearance, perception
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun
  From √dṛś (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• ja – born, produced, originating from
  suffix/adjective (masculine)
  From √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies śokaḥ.

शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow (sorrow, grief, lamentation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, affliction, lamentation

From √śuc (to grieve, to shine)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'paritāpayet'.

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - even more, further (again, further, more, greatly)

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Object of 'paritāpayet'.

परितापयेत् (paritāpayet) - would torment (would torment, would distress)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of paritāp

Causative formation of pari-√tap

From pari-√tap (to suffer, to burn), causative 'āpaya' ending

Prefix: pari

Root: tap (class 1)

दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - by continuous suffering (from suffering, due to misery)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, discomfort

Note: Connects with duḥkhaparābhūtām, indicating the source or cause of being overcome.

दुःखपराभूताम् (duḥkhaparābhūtām) - overwhelmed by continuous suffering (overcome by suffering, defeated by misery)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of duḥkhaparābhūta

duḥkhaparābhūta - overcome by suffering, oppressed by misery

Past Passive Participle (compound)

Compound: duḥkha (suffering) + parābhūta (overcome/defeated from parā-√bhū)

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+parābhūta)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)
• parābhūta – overcome, defeated, subdued
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From parā-√bhū (to be defeated, overcome), kta suffix
  Prefix: parā
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied 'mām'.

दुर्गताम् (durgatām) - utterly distressed (distressed, miserable, unfortunate, fallen into evil state)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of durgata

durgata - distressed, miserable, unfortunate, fallen into a bad state

Past Passive Participle (compound)

Compound: dur (bad, difficult) + gata (gone, attained from √gam)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+gata)

• dur – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
• gata – gone, attained, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √gam (to go), kta suffix
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied 'mām'.

दुःखभागिनीम् (duḥkhabhāginīm) - steeped in misery (sharing in suffering, partaking of misery)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of duḥkhabhāgin

duḥkhabhāgin - sharing in sorrow, having a share of suffering, afflicted

Compound: duḥkha (suffering) + bhāgin (sharing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+bhāgin)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)
• bhāgin – sharing, participating, having a share
  adjective (masculine)
  From √bhaj (to divide, to share)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied 'mām'.