वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-61, verse-23

न चाप्यदृष्ट्वा वैदेहीं विश्रुताः पुरुषर्षभ ।
वनं दात्त वरं दिव्यं धर्षयेयुर्वनौकसः ॥२३॥

23. na cāpyadṛṣṭvā vaidehīṃ viśrutāḥ puruṣarṣabha ,
vanaṃ dātta varaṃ divyaṃ dharṣayeyurvanaukasaḥ.

23. na ca api adṛṣṭvā vaidehīm viśrutāḥ puruṣarṣabha
vanam dātta varam divyam dharṣayeyuḥ vanaukasaḥ

23. puruṣarṣabha,
na ca api viśrutāḥ vanaukasaḥ vaidehīm adṛṣṭvā dātta divyam varam vanam dharṣayeyuḥ

23. And, O best of men, these renowned forest-dwellers would certainly not violate this divine boon of a forest without having seen Vaidehi.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• अदृष्ट्वा (adṛṣṭvā) - without having seen, not having seen

• वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Sita, daughter of Videha (Vaidehi)

• विश्रुताः (viśrutāḥ) - famous, renowned, well-known

• पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - Addressing Rama (O best of men!)

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, grove

• दात्त (dātta) - given, granted

• वरम् (varam) - boon, blessing, best

• दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine, heavenly, celestial

• धर्षयेयुः (dharṣayeyuḥ) - they would violate, they would assault, they would destroy

• वनौकसः (vanaukasaḥ) - forest-dwellers, monkeys

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb dharṣayeyuḥ.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.

अदृष्ट्वा (adṛṣṭvā) - without having seen, not having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutiv

negative absolutiv (gerund) of √dṛś with prefix a- (negation)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: It is a negative absolutive formed from 'a' + 'dṛṣṭvā'.

वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Sita, daughter of Videha (Vaidehi)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vaidehī

vaidehī - Vaidehi (Sita), princess of Videha

Note: Object of adṛṣṭvā.

विश्रुताः (viśrutāḥ) - famous, renowned, well-known

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viśruta

viśruta - famous, renowned, well-known

Past Passive Participle

derived from √śru with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Modifies vanaukasaḥ.

पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - Addressing Rama (O best of men!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - best of men, bull among men

Compound type : tatpurusha (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Addressing Rama.

वनम् (vanam) - forest, grove

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, grove, wood

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Object of dharṣayeyuḥ.

दात्त (dātta) - given, granted

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted

Past Passive Participle

derived from √dā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Modifies vanam.

वरम् (varam) - boon, blessing, best

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vara

vara - boon, blessing, excellent, best

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies vanam, referring to the 'divine forest given as a boon'.

दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine, heavenly, celestial

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of divya

divya - divine, heavenly, celestial

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Modifies vanam.

धर्षयेयुः (dharṣayeyuḥ) - they would violate, they would assault, they would destroy

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of dhṛṣ

optative causative

causative stem dharṣaya-, optative 3rd person plural

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: The negation 'na' applies to this verb.

वनौकसः (vanaukasaḥ) - forest-dwellers, monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vanaukas

vanaukas - forest-dweller, monkey

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+okas)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
  Root: van (class 1)
• okas – abode, dwelling
  noun (neuter)
  Root: uc (class 6)

Note: Subject of dharṣayeyuḥ.