वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-61, verse-12

किमयं वानरो राजन् वनपः प्रत्युपस्थितः ।
कं चार्थमभिनिर्दिश्य दुःखितो वाक्यमब्रवीत् ॥१२॥

12. kimayaṃ vānaro rājan vanapaḥ pratyupasthitaḥ ,
kaṃ cārthamabhinirdiśya duḥkhito vākyamabravīt.

12. kim ayam vānaraḥ rājan vanapaḥ pratyupasthitaḥ kam
ca artham abhinirdiśya duḥkhitaḥ vākyam abravīt

12. rājan kim ayam vanapaḥ vānaraḥ pratyupasthitaḥ ca
duḥkhitaḥ kam artham abhinirdiśya vākyam abravīt

12. O King, why has this monkey, the guardian of the forest, presented himself here? And, being distressed, with what purpose did he speak these words?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what? why?

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• वानरः (vānaraḥ) - monkey

• राजन् (rājan) - O king!

• वनपः (vanapaḥ) - guardian of the forest, forest-dweller

• प्रत्युपस्थितः (pratyupasthitaḥ) - present, arrived, come before

• कम् (kam) - what (accusative)

• च (ca) - and

• अर्थम् (artham) - purpose, meaning, object

• अभिनिर्दिश्य (abhinirdiśya) - having pointed out, referring to, having indicated

• दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, speech, statement

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what? why?

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

वानरः (vānaraḥ) - monkey

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

राजन् (rājan) - O king!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

वनपः (vanapaḥ) - guardian of the forest, forest-dweller

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vanapa

vanapa - guardian of the forest, forest-dweller

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+pa)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• pa – guardian, protector
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)

प्रत्युपस्थितः (pratyupasthitaḥ) - present, arrived, come before

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratyupasthita

pratyupasthita - standing near, present, arrived, approached

Past Passive Participle

prati-upa- + sthā (to stand) + kta

Prefixes: prati+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

कम् (kam) - what (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अर्थम् (artham) - purpose, meaning, object

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - aim, purpose, meaning, wealth, object

अभिनिर्दिश्य (abhinirdiśya) - having pointed out, referring to, having indicated

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

abhi-nir- + diś (to point) + ya

Prefixes: abhi+nir

Root: diś (class 6)

दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, pained, sorrowful, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

duḥkh (to suffer) + kta (or duḥkha + ita)

Root: duḥkh (class 1)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abravīt

Imperfect

a- + bru (to speak) + vīt (parasmaipada)

Root: bru (class 2)