वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-60, verse-27

स कथं चिद्विमुक्तस्तैर्वानरैर्वानरर्षभः ।
उवाचैकान्तमागम्य भृत्यांस्तान् समुपागतान् ॥२७॥

27. sa kathaṃ cidvimuktastairvānarairvānararṣabhaḥ ,
uvācaikāntamāgamya bhṛtyāṃstān samupāgatān.

27. sa kathaṃ cit vimuktaḥ taiḥ vānaraiḥ vānararṣabhaḥ
uvāca ekāntam āgamya bhṛtyān tān samupāgatān

27. The chief of monkeys, having somehow been freed by those very monkeys, approached a secluded spot and spoke to his gathered servants.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what way

• चित् (cit) - indefinite particle (some)

• विमुक्तः (vimuktaḥ) - freed, released, delivered

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those, by them

• वानरैः (vānaraiḥ) - by monkeys

• वानरर्षभः (vānararṣabhaḥ) - chief of monkeys, best among monkeys

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• एकान्तम् (ekāntam) - to a secluded place, in private

• आगम्य (āgamya) - having come, having approached

• भृत्यान् (bhṛtyān) - servants, followers

• तान् (tān) - those

• समुपागतान् (samupāgatān) - having come together, gathered, approached

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what way

(indeclinable)

चित् (cit) - indefinite particle (some)

(indeclinable)

विमुक्तः (vimuktaḥ) - freed, released, delivered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vimukta

vimukta - freed, released, delivered, liberated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √muc (to release) with upasarga vi

Prefix: vi

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Refers to 'vānararṣabhaḥ'.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those, by them

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the monkeys mentioned in context.

वानरैः (vānaraiḥ) - by monkeys

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, belonging to monkeys

वानरर्षभः (vānararṣabhaḥ) - chief of monkeys, best among monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vānararṣabha

vānararṣabha - best of monkeys, chief of monkeys

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vānara+ṛṣabha)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull; chief, best (used as the latter part of a compound)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to a leader among monkeys, likely Hanumān or Aṅgada based on context.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Third Person Singular

From root √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

एकान्तम् (ekāntam) - to a secluded place, in private

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ekānta

ekānta - lonely, solitary, private, secluded place

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (eka+anta)

• eka – one, single, alone
  adjective
• anta – end, boundary, vicinity, side
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial accusative, 'to a secluded place'.

आगम्य (āgamya) - having come, having approached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √gam (to go) with upasarga ā, followed by suffix -ya (after prefixes)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

भृत्यान् (bhṛtyān) - servants, followers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhṛtya

bhṛtya - servant, dependant, hireling

Gerundive (Passive Future Participle)

Derived from root √bhṛ (to bear, to maintain)

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Adjective to 'bhṛtyān'.

समुपागतान् (samupāgatān) - having come together, gathered, approached

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of samupāgata

samupāgata - having approached, having come together, assembled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √gam (to go) with upasargas sam-upa-ā

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Adjective to 'bhṛtyān'.

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