वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-60, verse-19

मध्ये चैषां दधिमुखः प्रगृह्य सुमहातरुम् ।
समभ्यधावद्वेगेना ते च सर्वे प्लवंगमाः ॥१९॥

19. madhye caiṣāṃ dadhimukhaḥ pragṛhya sumahātarum ,
samabhyadhāvadvegenā te ca sarve plavaṃgamāḥ.

19. madhye ca eṣām dadhimukhaḥ pragṛhya sumahātarum
samabhyadhāvat vegena te ca sarve plavaṅgamāḥ

19. ca eṣām madhye dadhimukhaḥ sumahātarum pragṛhya
vegena samabhyadhāvat ca te sarve plavaṅgamāḥ

19. And among them, Dadhimukha, grasping a huge tree, rushed forward with great speed, and all those monkeys followed him.

Words meanings summery:

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, among, amidst

• च (ca) - and, also

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these, among them

• दधिमुखः (dadhimukhaḥ) - Dadhimukha

• प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, having grasped firmly

• सुमहातरुम् (sumahātarum) - a very large tree

• समभ्यधावत् (samabhyadhāvat) - he rushed towards, ran towards

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, swiftly

• ते (te) - they, those

• च (ca) - and, also

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys (literally, 'those who go by leaping/jumping')

Words meanings and morphology

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, among, amidst

(indeclinable)

Note: used adverbially

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these, among them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etat

etat - this, these

Note: referring to monkeys

दधिमुखः (dadhimukhaḥ) - Dadhimukha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dadhimukha

dadhimukha - Dadhimukha (name of a monkey chief)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dadhi+mukha)

• dadhi – curd, yogurt
  noun (neuter)
• mukha – face, mouth, chief
  noun (neuter)

प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, having grasped firmly

(indeclinable)

absolutive

formed from prefix pra- + root grah + -ya suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: grah (class 9)

सुमहातरुम् (sumahātarum) - a very large tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sumahātaru

sumahātaru - a very large tree

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahā+taru)

• su – good, well, very, intensely
  indeclinable
• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• taru – tree
  noun (masculine)

समभ्यधावत् (samabhyadhāvat) - he rushed towards, ran towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of samabhyadhāv

formed from prefixes sam- and abhi- + root dhāv

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, swiftly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tat

tat - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every

प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys (literally, 'those who go by leaping/jumping')

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (plava+gama)

• plava – leap, jump
  noun (masculine)
• gama – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: gam (class 1)