वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-60, verse-23

अथ दृष्ट्वा दधिमुखं क्रुद्धं वानरपुंगवाः ।
अभ्यधावन्त वेगेन हनूमत्प्रमुखास्तदा ॥२३॥

23. atha dṛṣṭvā dadhimukhaṃ kruddhaṃ vānarapuṃgavāḥ ,
abhyadhāvanta vegena hanūmatpramukhāstadā.

23. atha dṛṣṭvā dadhimukham kruddham vānarapuṅgavāḥ
abhyadhāvanta vegena hanūmatpramukhāḥ tadā

23. Then, having seen Dadhimukha enraged, the foremost monkeys, with Hanumat at their head, swiftly ran towards him.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, indicating sequence (then, now, moreover)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• दधिमुखम् (dadhimukham) - The monkey Dadhimukha, who was angered. (Dadhimukha (proper noun))

• क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - angry, enraged

• वानरपुङ्गवाः (vānarapuṅgavāḥ) - The leading monkeys. (chief monkeys, excellent monkeys)

• अभ्यधावन्त (abhyadhāvanta) - they ran towards, they rushed

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, swiftly, forcibly

• हनूमत्प्रमुखाः (hanūmatpramukhāḥ) - The group of monkeys whose leader was Hanumat. (those with Hanumat as their chief, led by Hanumat)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, indicating sequence (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root 'dṛś' + 'ktvā' suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Forms a compound action with the main verb 'abhyadhāvanta'.

दधिमुखम् (dadhimukham) - The monkey Dadhimukha, who was angered. (Dadhimukha (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of Dadhimukha

Dadhimukha - Dadhimukha (name of a monkey-chief)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - angry, enraged

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'krudh' (to be angry) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'dadhimukham'.

वानरपुङ्गवाः (vānarapuṅgavāḥ) - The leading monkeys. (chief monkeys, excellent monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānarapuṅgava

vānarapuṅgava - chief of monkeys, excellent monkey

Compound of 'vānara' (monkey) and 'puṅgava' (bull, pre-eminent, best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vānara+puṅgava)

• vānara – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull, excellent, chief, pre-eminent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'abhyadhāvanta'.

अभ्यधावन्त (abhyadhāvanta) - they ran towards, they rushed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of abhidhāv

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural

'abhi' (prefix) + 'dhāv' (root).

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, swiftly, forcibly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, impulse

Derived from root 'vij' (to move rapidly) or 've' (to go).

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Adverbial use, indicating manner.

हनूमत्प्रमुखाः (hanūmatpramukhāḥ) - The group of monkeys whose leader was Hanumat. (those with Hanumat as their chief, led by Hanumat)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hanūmatpramukha

hanūmatpramukha - having Hanumat as the chief, led by Hanumat

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'he whose chief is Hanumat'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hanūmat+pramukha)

• hanūmat – Hanuman (proper noun, meaning 'having a jaw' or 'disfigured jaw')
  proper noun (masculine)
• pramukha – chief, principal, foremost, led by
  adjective (masculine)
  'pra' (prefix) + 'mukha' (face, head).
  Prefix: pra

Note: Qualifies 'vānarapuṅgavāḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' + 'dā' suffix.

Previous Verse Next Verse