वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-60, verse-22

वृक्षस्थांश्च तलस्थांश्च वानरान्बलदर्पितान् ।
अभ्यक्रामन्त ते वीराः पालास्तत्र सहस्रशः ॥२२॥

22. vṛkṣasthāṃśca talasthāṃśca vānarānbaladarpitān ,
abhyakrāmanta te vīrāḥ pālāstatra sahasraśaḥ.

22. vṛkṣasthān ca talasthān ca vānarān baladarpitān
abhyakrāmanta te vīrāḥ pālāḥ tatra sahasraśaḥ

22. Those thousands of brave guards there attacked the monkeys, who were filled with pride in their strength, whether they were positioned in trees or on the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• वृक्षस्थान् (vṛkṣasthān) - those standing in trees, tree-dwellers

• च (ca) - and

• तलस्थान् (talasthān) - those standing on the ground

• च (ca) - and

• वानरान् (vānarān) - monkeys

• बलदर्पितान् (baladarpitān) - those proud of their strength

• अभ्यक्रामन्त (abhyakrāmanta) - they attacked

• ते (te) - those, they

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - brave ones, heroes

• पालाः (pālāḥ) - guards, protectors

• तत्र (tatra) - in that place (where the guards were) (there)

• सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - in thousands, by thousands

Words meanings and morphology

वृक्षस्थान् (vṛkṣasthān) - those standing in trees, tree-dwellers

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vṛkṣastha

vṛkṣastha - standing in a tree, being on a tree

Compound formed from vṛkṣa and stha. 'stha' is derived from root 'sthā' (to stand).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛkṣa+stha)

• vṛkṣa – tree
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, being
  adjective (masculine)
  Root 'sthā' + suffix 'ḍa' (Pāṇini 3.2.3)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vānarān'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तलस्थान् (talasthān) - those standing on the ground

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of talastha

talastha - standing on the ground, being on the ground

Compound formed from tala and stha. 'stha' is derived from root 'sthā' (to stand).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tala+stha)

• tala – surface, ground, palm
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, being
  adjective (masculine)
  Root 'sthā' + suffix 'ḍa' (Pāṇini 3.2.3)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vānarān'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वानरान् (vānarān) - monkeys

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

Derived from 'vana' (forest) + 'aṇ' suffix.

Note: Object of the verb 'abhyakrāmanta'.

बलदर्पितान् (baladarpitān) - those proud of their strength

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of baladarpita

baladarpita - proud of strength, intoxicated by power

Compound of 'bala' and 'darpita'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bala+darpita)

• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
• darpita – proud, arrogant, haughty
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'dṛp' (to be proud) + 'kta' suffix.
  Root: dṛp (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'vānarān'.

अभ्यक्रामन्त (abhyakrāmanta) - they attacked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of abhikram

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural

'abhi' (prefix) + 'kram' (root).

Prefix: abhi

Root: kram (class 1)

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - brave ones, heroes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Note: Subject of 'abhyakrāmanta'.

पालाः (pālāḥ) - guards, protectors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāla

pāla - guard, protector, keeper

Derived from root 'pā' (to protect).

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'abhyakrāmanta'.

तत्र (tatra) - in that place (where the guards were) (there)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' + 'traL' suffix.

सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - in thousands, by thousands

(indeclinable)

'sahasra' + 'śas' suffix (Pāṇini 5.2.43).

Note: Modifies 'pālāḥ' or the action 'abhyakrāmanta'.