वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-32, verse-3

निःश्वसन्तं तु तं दृष्ट्वा क्रुद्धं दशरथात्मजम् ।
बभूवुर्हरयस्त्रस्ता न चैनं पर्यवारयन् ॥३॥

3. niḥśvasantaṃ tu taṃ dṛṣṭvā kruddhaṃ daśarathātmajam ,
babhūvurharayastrastā na cainaṃ paryavārayan.

3. niḥśvasantam tu tam dṛṣṭvā kruddham daśarathātmajam
babhūvuḥ harayaḥ trastāḥ na ca enam paryavārayan

3. tu niḥśvasantam kruddham tam daśarathātmajam dṛṣṭvā
harayaḥ trastāḥ babhūvuḥ ca enam na paryavārayan

3. However, upon seeing him, the son of Daśaratha (Lakṣmaṇa), breathing heavily in anger, the monkeys became terrified and did not approach to surround him.

Words meanings summery:

• निःश्वसन्तम् (niḥśvasantam) - breathing heavily due to anger. (sighing, breathing out, breathing heavily)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

• तम् (tam) - Refers to Lakṣmaṇa. (him, that (masculine singular))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - angry, enraged

• दशरथात्मजम् (daśarathātmajam) - Refers to Lakṣmaṇa. (the son of Daśaratha)

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - became

• हरयः (harayaḥ) - monkeys

• त्रस्ताः (trastāḥ) - frightened, terrified

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• एनम् (enam) - Refers to Lakṣmaṇa. (him, this (masculine singular))

• पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - They did not obstruct Lakṣmaṇa's path. (they surrounded, they obstructed, they barred the way)

Words meanings and morphology

निःश्वसन्तम् (niḥśvasantam) - breathing heavily due to anger. (sighing, breathing out, breathing heavily)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niḥśvasat

niḥśvasat - breathing out, sighing, breathing heavily

Present Active Participle

Derived from √śvas (to breathe) with prefix niḥ-.

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'tam daśarathātmajam'.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - Refers to Lakṣmaṇa. (him, that (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form of √dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indicates action preceding 'babhūvuḥ'.

क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - angry, enraged

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √krudh (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'tam daśarathātmajam'.

दशरथात्मजम् (daśarathātmajam) - Refers to Lakṣmaṇa. (the son of Daśaratha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daśarathātmaja

daśarathātmaja - son of Daśaratha

Compound of 'daśaratha' and 'ātmaja' (born from self, son).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daśaratha+ātmaja)

• daśaratha – Daśaratha (father of Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmaja – son, born from oneself
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from ātman (self) + √jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root √bhū (to be), perfect tense, parasmaipada.

Root: bhū (class 1)

हरयः (harayaḥ) - monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hari

hari - monkey, ape; lion; sun; Viṣṇu

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'babhūvuḥ' and 'paryavārayan'.

त्रस्ताः (trastāḥ) - frightened, terrified

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of trasta

trasta - frightened, terrified, afraid

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √tras (to tremble, be afraid).

Root: tras (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'harayaḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'paryavārayan'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

एनम् (enam) - Refers to Lakṣmaṇa. (him, this (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, him, her, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'paryavārayan'.

पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - They did not obstruct Lakṣmaṇa's path. (they surrounded, they obstructed, they barred the way)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pari-ava-vṛ

imperfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root √vṛ (to cover, to choose) with prefixes pari- and ava-. Causative stem, imperfect tense, parasmaipada.

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)

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