वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-22, verse-25

हते तु वीरे प्लवगाधिपे तदा प्लवंगमास्तत्र न शर्म लेभिरे ।
वनेचराः सिंहयुते महावने यथा हि गावो निहते गवां पतौ ॥२५॥

25. hate tu vīre plavagādhipe tadā plavaṃgamāstatra na śarma lebhire ,
vanecarāḥ siṃhayute mahāvane yathā hi gāvo nihate gavāṃ patau.

25. hate tu vīre plavagādhipe tadā
plavaṅgamāḥ tatra na śarma lebhire
vanecharāḥ siṃhayute mahāvane
yathā hi gāvaḥ nihate gavāṃ patau

25. tadā vīre plavagādhipe hate tu plavaṅgamāḥ tatra śarma na lebhire,
yathā hi gavāṃ patau nihate siṃhayute mahāvane vanecharāḥ gāvaḥ

25. When that brave lord of monkeys (Valin) was slain, the other monkeys there found no peace, just as forest-dwelling cows in a great lion-infested forest find no peace when their lord (bull) has been killed.

Words meanings summery:

• हते (hate) - when Valin was killed (slain, killed, destroyed)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• वीरे (vīre) - the brave Valin (in the brave one, regarding the hero)

• प्लवगाधिपे (plavagādhipe) - Valin, the chief of the monkeys (in the lord of monkeys, regarding the chief of the Vanaras)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys, Vanaras

• तत्र (tatra) - at the place where Valin was slain (there, in that place)

• न (na) - not, no

• शर्म (śarma) - happiness, peace, comfort

• लेभिरे (lebhire) - they obtained, they gained

• वनेछराः (vanecharāḥ) - the cows living in the forest (forest-dwellers, animals living in the forest)

• सिंहयुते (siṁhayute) - associated with lions, infested with lions

• महावने (mahāvane) - in a great forest

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• निहते (nihate) - when the bull (lord of cows) is killed (when slain, when killed)

• गवां (gavāṁ) - of cows

• पतौ (patau) - the bull, as lord of the cows (in the lord, regarding the master)

Words meanings and morphology

हते (hate) - when Valin was killed (slain, killed, destroyed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction. Agrees with vīre and plavagādhipe.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

वीरे (vīre) - the brave Valin (in the brave one, regarding the hero)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - brave, hero

प्लवगाधिपे (plavagādhipe) - Valin, the chief of the monkeys (in the lord of monkeys, regarding the chief of the Vanaras)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of plavagādhipa

plavagādhipa - lord of monkeys, chief of Vanaras

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (plavaga+adhipa)

• plavaga – monkey, literally 'going by leaping'
  noun (masculine)
  From root plu (to leap) + ga (going)
  Root: plu (class 1)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi (over) + root pā (to protect)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Formed from pronoun tad

प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys, Vanaras

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey, literally 'going by leaping'

From root plu (to leap) + gam (to go)

Root: plu (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - at the place where Valin was slain (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Formed from pronoun tad

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शर्म (śarma) - happiness, peace, comfort

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śarman

śarman - happiness, peace, comfort

Root: śṛ (class 1)

लेभिरे (lebhire) - they obtained, they gained

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (liṭ) of labh

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, middle voice

Root: labh (class 1)

वनेछराः (vanecharāḥ) - the cows living in the forest (forest-dwellers, animals living in the forest)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vanechara

vanechara - forest-dweller

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vana+chara)

• vana – forest
  noun (neuter)
• chara – moving, wandering
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from char (to move)
  Root: car (class 1)

सिंहयुते (siṁhayute) - associated with lions, infested with lions

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of siṃhayuta

siṁhayuta - associated with lions, infested with lions

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (siṃha+yuta)

• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
• yuta – joined, united, associated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yu (to join)
  Root: yu (class 2)

Note: Agrees with mahāvane.

महावने (mahāvane) - in a great forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāvana

mahāvana - great forest, large forest

Compound type : Karmadharaya (mahā+vana)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
  feminine form of mahat
• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, earth

निहते (nihate) - when the bull (lord of cows) is killed (when slain, when killed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with gavāṃ patau. Used in locative absolute construction.

गवां (gavāṁ) - of cows

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, earth

पतौ (patau) - the bull, as lord of the cows (in the lord, regarding the master)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband

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