वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-59, verse-7

कथं प्रतिज्ञां संश्रुत्य मया त्वमभियोजितः ।
अपूरयित्वा तं कालं मत्सकाशमिहागतः ॥७॥

7. kathaṃ pratijñāṃ saṃśrutya mayā tvamabhiyojitaḥ ,
apūrayitvā taṃ kālaṃ matsakāśamihāgataḥ.

7. katham pratijñām saṃśrutya mayā tvam abhiyojitaḥ
apūrayitvā tam kālam matsakāśam iha āgataḥ

7. mayā pratijñām saṃśrutya tvam katham abhiyojitaḥ
tam kālam apūrayitvā iha matsakāśam āgataḥ

7. How is it that, having made a solemn promise, you have come here to me, without fulfilling that allotted time for which you were dispatched by me?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (is it) (how, why, in what manner)

• प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - a solemn promise (promise, vow, assertion)

• संश्रुत्य (saṁśrutya) - having made (a promise) (having heard, having promised, having agreed)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Rāma) (you)

• अभियोजितः (abhiyojitaḥ) - dispatched (to the forest) (despatched, appointed, set to work)

• अपूरयित्वा (apūrayitvā) - without fulfilling (without filling, without fulfilling)

• तम् (tam) - that (allotted) (that)

• कालम् (kālam) - the period (of exile) (time, period)

• मत्सकाशम् (matsakāśam) - to my presence (to my presence, near me)

• इह (iha) - here (here, in this world)

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - you have come (come, arrived)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (is it) (how, why, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - a solemn promise (promise, vow, assertion)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pratijñā

pratijñā - promise, vow, agreement, assertion

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of 'saṃśrutya'.

संश्रुत्य (saṁśrutya) - having made (a promise) (having heard, having promised, having agreed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From sam- + śru 'to hear'

Prefix: sam

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Indicates a prior action.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (pronoun)

Note: Agent in passive construction.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Rāma) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'abhiyojitaḥ'.

अभियोजितः (abhiyojitaḥ) - dispatched (to the forest) (despatched, appointed, set to work)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhiyojita

abhiyojita - dispatched, appointed, assigned, accused

Past Passive Participle

From abhi- + yuj 'to join, appoint'

Prefix: abhi

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: In agreement with 'tvam'.

अपूरयित्वा (apūrayitvā) - without fulfilling (without filling, without fulfilling)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund) with negative prefix

From a- (negative) + pūrayitvā (absolutive of causative of pṛ 'to fill')

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Indicates an unfulfilled prior action.

तम् (tam) - that (allotted) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'kālam'.

कालम् (kālam) - the period (of exile) (time, period)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

Note: Object of 'apūrayitvā'.

मत्सकाशम् (matsakāśam) - to my presence (to my presence, near me)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mad+sakāśa)

• mad – me, my
  pronoun
  ablative/genitive form of asmad
• sakāśa – presence, vicinity
  noun (masculine)

Note: Acts adverbially, indicating destination.

इह (iha) - here (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative adverb.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - you have come (come, arrived)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached

Past Passive Participle

From ā- + gam 'to go'

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: In agreement with 'tvam'.