वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-36, verse-3

विश्वामित्रो ऽथ धर्मात्मा मद्वित्रस्तो महामुनिः ।
स्वयं गत्वा दशरथं नरेन्द्रमिदमब्रवीत् ॥३॥

3. viśvāmitro'tha dharmātmā madvitrasto mahāmuniḥ ,
svayaṃ gatvā daśarathaṃ narendramidamabravīt.

3. विश्वामित्रः अथ धर्मात्मा मत् वित्रास्तः महामुनिः
स्वयम् गत्वा दशरथम् नरेन्द्रम् इदम् अब्रवीत्

3. अथ धर्मात्मा महामुनिः विश्वामित्रः मत्-वित्रास्तः (सन्) स्वयम् दशरथम् नरेन्द्रम् गत्वा इदम् अब्रवीत् ।

3. Then the great sage Viśvāmitra, a man of virtuous character (dharma), who was terrified by the disturbances to his Vedic ritual, himself went to King Daśaratha, the lord of men, and spoke this.

Words meanings summery:

• विश्वामित्रः (विश्वामित्रः) - The sage Viśvāmitra (Viśvāmitra)

• अथ (अथ) - Then, indicating sequence of events (then, thereupon, now)

• धर्मात्मा (धर्मात्मा) - King Daśaratha, a man of virtuous character (dharma) (one whose soul is righteousness, virtuous, righteous by nature)

• मत् (मत्) - Refers to Viśvāmitra's own afflictions or challenges, specifically from demons disturbing his Vedic ritual. (me, my, by me)

• वित्रास्तः (वित्रास्तः) - Frightened by the ongoing disturbances to the Vedic ritual (yajña). (frightened, terrified, alarmed)

• महामुनिः (महामुनिः) - The highly respected Viśvāmitra, known as a great sage. (great sage, eminent ascetic)

• स्वयम् (स्वयम्) - Viśvāmitra went personally, without sending a messenger. (oneself, personally, by oneself)

• गत्वा (गत्वा) - After going to King Daśaratha. (having gone)

• दशरथम् (दशरथम्) - To King Daśaratha. (Daśaratha)

• नरेन्द्रम् (नरेन्द्रम्) - Referring to King Daśaratha. (king, lord of men)

• इदम् (इदम्) - Referring to the words that follow. (this, this here)

• अब्रवीत् (अब्रवीत्) - Viśvāmitra spoke. (he spoke, he said)

Words meanings and morphology

विश्वामित्रः (विश्वामित्रः) - The sage Viśvāmitra (Viśvāmitra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - friend of all, name of a celebrated Vedic sage

अथ (अथ) - Then, indicating sequence of events (then, thereupon, now)

(indeclinable)

धर्मात्मा (धर्मात्मा) - King Daśaratha, a man of virtuous character (dharma) (one whose soul is righteousness, virtuous, righteous by nature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - one whose nature is dharma, virtuous soul, righteous

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, virtue, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, essence, individual spirit
  noun (masculine)

मत् (मत्) - Refers to Viśvāmitra's own afflictions or challenges, specifically from demons disturbing his Vedic ritual. (me, my, by me)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my, we, us, our

Note: Used here idiomatically in a compound to mean 'related to me' or 'on my account', referring to the disturbances to the sage's ritual.

वित्रास्तः (वित्रास्तः) - Frightened by the ongoing disturbances to the Vedic ritual (yajña). (frightened, terrified, alarmed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vitrasta

vitrasta - frightened, terrified, alarmed, scared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √tras (to tremble, to be afraid) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Forms part of the compound `madvitrastaḥ`.

महामुनिः (महामुनिः) - The highly respected Viśvāmitra, known as a great sage. (great sage, eminent ascetic)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, eminent ascetic

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• muni – sage, ascetic, seer, saint
  noun (masculine)

स्वयम् (स्वयम्) - Viśvāmitra went personally, without sending a messenger. (oneself, personally, by oneself)

(indeclinable)

गत्वा (गत्वा) - After going to King Daśaratha. (having gone)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root 'gam' with the suffix -tvā.

Root: gam (class 1)

दशरथम् (दशरथम्) - To King Daśaratha. (Daśaratha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - King Daśaratha (father of Rāma)

नरेन्द्रम् (नरेन्द्रम्) - Referring to King Daśaratha. (king, lord of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of narendra

narendra - king, lord of men, chief of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+indra)

• nara – man, human being, hero
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, best, Indra (deity)
  noun (masculine)

इदम् (इदम्) - Referring to the words that follow. (this, this here)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

अब्रवीत् (अब्रवीत्) - Viśvāmitra spoke. (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abravīt

Imperfect

3rd person singular active imperfect of the root √brū/vac (to speak).

Root: brū (class 2)

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