वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-13, verse-4

स तं पितृसखं बुद्ध्वा पूजयामास राघवः ।
स तस्य कुलमव्यग्रमथ पप्रच्छ नाम च ॥४॥

4. sa taṃ pitṛsakhaṃ buddhvā pūjayāmāsa rāghavaḥ ,
sa tasya kulamavyagramatha papraccha nāma ca.

4. sa tam pitṛsakham buddhvā pūjayām āsa rāghavaḥ
sa tasya kulam avyagram atha papraccha nāma ca

4. rāghavaḥ sa tam pitṛsakham buddhvā pūjayām āsa
atha sa tasya kulam nāma ca avyagram papraccha

4. Having recognized him as his father's friend, Rama (Rāghava) honored him. Then, Rama asked him about his family and his name.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (Rama) (he, that one)

• तम् (tam) - him (the speaker, who identified himself as a friend of Dasharatha) (him, that one)

• पितृसखम् (pitṛsakham) - a father's friend

• बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having known, having understood

• पूजयाम् (pūjayām) - honored (part of periphrastic perfect)

• आस (āsa) - was, became (auxiliary verb)

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rama, descendant of Raghu

• स (sa) - he (Rama) (he, that one)

• तस्य (tasya) - of him (the speaker, who is being questioned) (of him, his)

• कुलम् (kulam) - family, lineage

• अव्यग्रम् (avyagram) - Here, referring to the nature or type of family/lineage rather than a state of mind. (undisturbed, calm, not agitated)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - he asked, he enquired

• नाम (nāma) - name

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (Rama) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तम् (tam) - him (the speaker, who identified himself as a friend of Dasharatha) (him, that one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पितृसखम् (pitṛsakham) - a father's friend

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛsakha

pitṛsakha - father's friend

Compound type : Tatpurusha (pitṛ+sakha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• sakha – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having known, having understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Derived from the root √budh (to know) with the suffix -tvā.

Root: budh (class 1)

पूजयाम् (pūjayām) - honored (part of periphrastic perfect)

(indeclinable)

Periphrastic perfect auxiliary component

Part of a periphrastic perfect construction with 'āsa'. The 'ām' ending is characteristic of periphrastic perfects formed from certain roots or causatives.

Root: pūj

आस (āsa) - was, became (auxiliary verb)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of √as

Perfect Active

Third person singular active perfect form of √as, used as an auxiliary for the periphrastic perfect.

Root: as (class 2)

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rama, descendant of Raghu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu (an epithet for Rama)

स (sa) - he (Rama) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तस्य (tasya) - of him (the speaker, who is being questioned) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कुलम् (kulam) - family, lineage

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, clan, race

अव्यग्रम् (avyagram) - Here, referring to the nature or type of family/lineage rather than a state of mind. (undisturbed, calm, not agitated)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avyagra

avyagra - not agitated, calm, steady, attentive

Note: Agrees with 'kulam'.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - he asked, he enquired

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of √prach

Perfect Active

Third person singular active perfect form of √prach.

Root: prach (class 6)

नाम (nāma) - name

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation, fame

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

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