वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-13, verse-3

स तौ मधुरया वाचा सौम्यया प्रीणयन्निव ।
उवाच वत्स मां विद्धि वयस्यं पितुरात्मनः ॥३॥

3. sa tau madhurayā vācā saumyayā prīṇayanniva ,
uvāca vatsa māṃ viddhi vayasyaṃ piturātmanaḥ.

3. sa tau madhurayā vācā saumyayā prīṇayan iva
uvāca vatsa mām viddhi vayasyam pituḥ ātmanaḥ

3. sa madhurayā saumyayā vācā tau prīṇayan iva
uvāca vatsa mām ātmanaḥ pituḥ vayasyam viddhi

3. As if pleasing those two with sweet and gentle words, he said, "O son, know me as a friend of your own father (ātman)."

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (the speaker, who is a friend of Dasharatha) (he, that one)

• तौ (tau) - those two (Rama and Lakshmana) (those two)

• मधुरया (madhurayā) - with sweet

• वाचा (vācā) - with speech, with words

• सौम्यया (saumyayā) - with gentle, with serene

• प्रीणयन् (prīṇayan) - pleasing, gladdening

• इव (iva) - as if, like

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• वत्स (vatsa) - O son (addressing Rama) (O child, O son)

• माम् (mām) - me

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

• वयस्यम् (vayasyam) - a friend

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of your own (father); the word (ātman) refers to the self or soul or person itself. Here, it is used reflexively modifying 'pituḥ'. (of the self, of one's own)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (the speaker, who is a friend of Dasharatha) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तौ (tau) - those two (Rama and Lakshmana) (those two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मधुरया (madhurayā) - with sweet

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of madhura

madhura - sweet, pleasant, charming

वाचा (vācā) - with speech, with words

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice

सौम्यया (saumyayā) - with gentle, with serene

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of saumya

saumya - gentle, mild, benevolent, moon-like

प्रीणयन् (prīṇayan) - pleasing, gladdening

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prīṇat

prīṇat - pleasing, gratifying

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √prī (to please) with present active participle suffix.

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'sa' (he).

इव (iva) - as if, like

(indeclinable)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of √vac

Perfect Active

Third person singular active perfect form of √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

वत्स (vatsa) - O son (addressing Rama) (O child, O son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vatsa

vatsa - calf, child, son

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (Loṭ) of √vid

Imperative Active

Second person singular active imperative form of √vid.

Root: vid (class 2)

वयस्यम् (vayasyam) - a friend

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vayasya

vayasya - friend, companion, contemporary

Note: Object of 'viddhi' (know).

पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of your own (father); the word (ātman) refers to the self or soul or person itself. Here, it is used reflexively modifying 'pituḥ'. (of the self, of one's own)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, essence, spirit, person

Note: Here used as a reflexive pronoun meaning 'your own'.

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