वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-13, verse-30

मुखतो ब्राह्मणा जाता उरसः क्षत्रियास्तथा ।
ऊरुभ्यां जज्ञिरे वैश्याः पद्भ्यां शूद्रा इति श्रुतिः ॥३०॥

30. mukhato brāhmaṇā jātā urasaḥ kṣatriyāstathā ,
ūrubhyāṃ jajñire vaiśyāḥ padbhyāṃ śūdrā iti śrutiḥ.

30. mukhataḥ brāhmaṇāḥ jātāḥ urasaḥ kṣatriyāḥ tathā
ūrubhyām jajñire vaiśyāḥ padbhyām śūdrāḥ iti śrutiḥ

30. mukhataḥ brāhmaṇāḥ jātāḥ urasaḥ tathā kṣatriyāḥ (jātāḥ)
ūrubhyām vaiśyāḥ jajñire padbhyām śūdrāḥ (jajñire) iti śrutiḥ

30. Brahmins were born from the mouth; similarly, Kshatriyas (were born) from the chest. Vaishyas were born from the thighs, and Shudras from the feet. This is the sacred tradition (śruti).

Words meanings summery:

• मुखतः (mukhataḥ) - from the mouth

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins

• जाताः (jātāḥ) - were born

• उरसः (urasaḥ) - from the chest

• क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - Kshatriyas

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus

• ऊरुभ्याम् (ūrubhyām) - from the thighs

• जज्ञिरे (jajñire) - were born

• वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaishyas

• पद्भ्याम् (padbhyām) - from the feet

• शूद्राः (śūdrāḥ) - Shudras

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - sacred tradition, revealed text

Words meanings and morphology

मुखतः (mukhataḥ) - from the mouth

(indeclinable)

Formed with the suffix -tas, indicating 'from'

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin (member of the priestly class), relating to Brahman

जाताः (jātāḥ) - were born

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, become

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'jan' (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Used here as a finite verb 'were born'.

उरसः (urasaḥ) - from the chest

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of uras

uras - chest, breast, heart

क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - Kshatriyas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - Kshatriya (member of the warrior/ruling class)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus

(indeclinable)

ऊरुभ्याम् (ūrubhyām) - from the thighs

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, dual of ūru

ūru - thigh

जज्ञिरे (jajñire) - were born

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (liṭ) of jan

Perfect 3rd person plural, Ātmanepada

Root: jan (class 4)

वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaishyas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaiśya

vaiśya - Vaishya (member of the merchant/farmer class)

पद्भ्याम् (padbhyām) - from the feet

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, dual of pad

pad - foot, step

शूद्राः (śūdrāḥ) - Shudras

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūdra

śūdra - Shudra (member of the servant class)

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - sacred tradition, revealed text

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śruti

śruti - hearing, ear; sacred tradition (revealed scripture like the Vedas)

Root: śru (class 1)

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