वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-37, verse-28

तं राममेवानुविचिन्तयन्तं समीक्ष्य देवी शयने नरेन्द्रम् ।
उपोपविश्याधिकमार्तरूपा विनिःश्वसन्ती विललाप कृच्छ्रं ॥२८॥

28. taṃ rāmamevānuvicintayantaṃ samīkṣya devī śayane narendram ,
upopaviśyādhikamārtarūpā viniḥśvasantī vilalāpa kṛcchraṃ.

28. tam rāmam eva anuvicintayantam
samīkṣya devī śayane narendram
upopaviśya adhikam ārtarūpā
viniḥśvasantī vilalāpa kṛcchram

28. devī śayane tam rāmam eva
anuvicintayantam narendram samīkṣya
adhikam ārtarūpā upopaviśya
viniḥśvasantī kṛcchram vilalāpa

28. Having observed the king on his bed, intently meditating only on Rama (rāma), the queen, appearing exceedingly distressed, sat close by, sighing deeply, and lamented with great difficulty.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (masculine accusative singular)

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama (accusative singular)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, alone

• अनुविचिन्तयन्तम् (anuvicintayantam) - meditating upon, contemplating

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

• देवी (devī) - the queen (Kausalya) (goddess, queen)

• शयने (śayane) - on the bed, in the bed

• नरेन्द्रम् (narendram) - King Dasaratha (king, lord of men)

• उपोपविश्य (upopaviśya) - having sat near, having settled down

• अधिकम् (adhikam) - excessively, greatly, more

• आर्तरूपा (ārtarūpā) - of distressed appearance, having a pained form

• विनिःश्वसन्ती (viniḥśvasantī) - sighing deeply, exhaling strongly

• विललाप (vilalāpa) - she lamented, she wailed

• कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - with difficulty, painfully, severely

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (masculine accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `narendram`.

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama (accusative singular)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a prominent deity in Hinduism)

Note: Object of `anuvicintayantam`.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, alone

(indeclinable)

अनुविचिन्तयन्तम् (anuvicintayantam) - meditating upon, contemplating

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anuvicintayat

anuvicintayat - meditating upon, contemplating, thinking about

Present Active Participle

From causal stem of root `cit` (to perceive, think) + prefix `anu` + `vi`. Causal `cintay` stem + `śatṛ` suffix.

Prefixes: anu+vi

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Qualifies `narendram`.

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From root `īkṣ` (to see) with prefix `sam`.

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Precedes the main verb `vilalāpa`.

देवी (devī) - the queen (Kausalya) (goddess, queen)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of devī

devī - goddess, queen, lady

Feminine `ī`-stem noun.

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of `vilalāpa`.

शयने (śayane) - on the bed, in the bed

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śayana

śayana - lying down, sleeping, bed, couch

From root `śī` (to lie down).

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Location of `narendram`.

नरेन्द्रम् (narendram) - King Dasaratha (king, lord of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of narendra

narendra - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+indra)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• indra – chief, lord, Indra (name of a deity)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `samīkṣya`.

उपोपविश्य (upopaviśya) - having sat near, having settled down

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From root `viś` (to enter, sit) with prefixes `upa` (near) and reduplication `upa`.

Prefixes: upa+upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Precedes the main verb `vilalāpa`.

अधिकम् (adhikam) - excessively, greatly, more

(indeclinable)

Used here as an adverb.

Note: Modifies `ārtarūpā`.

आर्तरूपा (ārtarūpā) - of distressed appearance, having a pained form

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ārtarūpa

ārtarūpa - having a distressed or sorrowful appearance

Feminine form.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ārta+rūpa)

• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `ṛ` (to go) + `ta`, often used in sense of `ṛcch` (to go, suffer).
  Root: ṛ (class 3)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, beauty
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rūp (class 10)

Note: Qualifies `devī`.

विनिःश्वसन्ती (viniḥśvasantī) - sighing deeply, exhaling strongly

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of viniḥśvasant

viniḥśvasant - sighing deeply, emitting a deep breath

Present Active Participle

From root `śvas` (to breathe) with prefixes `vi` and `niḥ`. Feminine form.

Prefixes: vi+niḥ

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `devī`.

विललाप (vilalāpa) - she lamented, she wailed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vilap

Perfect Tense, Third Person Singular

From root `lap` (to speak) with prefix `vi`. Reduplicated perfect form (`la-lap`).

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - with difficulty, painfully, severely

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular neuter of `kṛcchra` used adverbially.

Note: Modifies `vilalāpa`.