वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-37, verse-21

तामवेक्ष्य पुरीं सर्वां राममेवानुचिन्तयन् ।
विलपन्प्राविशद् राजा गृहं सूर्य इवाम्बुदम् ॥२१॥

21. tāmavekṣya purīṃ sarvāṃ rāmamevānucintayan ,
vilapanprāviśad rājā gṛhaṃ sūrya ivāmbudam.

21. tām avekṣya purīm sarvām rāmam eva anucintayan
vilapan prāviśat rājā gṛham sūryaḥ iva ambudam

21. rājā tām sarvām purīm avekṣya rāmam eva anucintayan
vilapan gṛham ambudam iva sūryaḥ prāviśat

21. Having surveyed that entire city, and constantly reflecting only on Rama, the king, lamenting, entered his palace like the sun entering a cloud.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that (feminine)

• अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having seen, having perceived, after seeing

• पुरीम् (purīm) - city

• सर्वाम् (sarvām) - entire, all, whole

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama (accusative)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

• अनुचिन्तयन् (anucintayan) - reflecting upon, thinking of

• विलपन् (vilapan) - lamenting, weeping

• प्राविशत् (prāviśat) - entered

• राजा (rājā) - king

• गृहम् (gṛham) - his royal palace (house, home, palace)

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - sun

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अम्बुदम् (ambudam) - cloud

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Modifies 'purīm'.

अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having seen, having perceived, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form of root √īkṣ (to see) with prefix ava (down, away)

Prefix: ava

Root: √īkṣ (class 1)

पुरीम् (purīm) - city

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of purī

purī - city, town

Feminine noun

Note: Object of 'avekṣya'.

सर्वाम् (sarvām) - entire, all, whole

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, entire

Pronoun/adjective

Note: Modifies 'purīm'.

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a proper name, hero of the Ramayana)

Masculine noun

Note: Object of 'anucintayan'.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

Note: Emphasizes 'rāmam'.

अनुचिन्तयन् (anucintayan) - reflecting upon, thinking of

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cint

cint - to think, to reflect, to consider

Present Active Participle

From root √cint (to think) with prefix anu (after, continuously)

Prefix: anu

Root: √cint (class 10)

Note: Modifies 'rājā'.

विलपन् (vilapan) - lamenting, weeping

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lap

lap - to lament, to wail, to speak

Present Active Participle

From root √lap (to speak) with prefix vi (apart, intensely)

Prefix: vi

Root: √lap (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective modifying 'rājā'.

प्राविशत् (prāviśat) - entered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of viś

Imperfect tense (laṅ), 3rd person singular, active voice of root √viś (to enter) with prefix pra (forth, into)

Prefix: pra

Root: √viś (class 6)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun

Note: Subject of 'prāviśat'.

गृहम् (gṛham) - his royal palace (house, home, palace)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

Neuter noun

Note: Object of 'prāviśat'.

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, sun god

Masculine noun

Note: Subject in the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison

Note: Particle of comparison.

अम्बुदम् (ambudam) - cloud

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ambuda

ambuda - cloud (giver of water)

Compound of ambu (water) and da (giver, from √dā 'to give')

Compound type : tatpurusha (ambu+da)

• ambu – water
  noun (neuter)
  Neuter noun
• da – giver, bestower
  adjective
  kṛt suffix
  From root √dā (to give), used as a suffix in compounds
  Root: √dā (class 3)

Note: The comparison is with the sun entering a cloud. The accusative is appropriate for the object of an implicit 'entering'.