वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-37, verse-12

निवृत्यैव निवृत्यैव सीदतो रथवर्त्मसु ।
राज्ञो नातिबभौ रूपं ग्रस्तस्यांशुमतो यथा ॥१२॥

12. nivṛtyaiva nivṛtyaiva sīdato rathavartmasu ,
rājño nātibabhau rūpaṃ grastasyāṃśumato yathā.

12. nivṛtya eva nivṛtya eva sīdataḥ rathavartmasu
rājñaḥ na atibabhau rūpam grastasya aṃśumataḥ yathā

12. rathavartmasu nivṛtya eva nivṛtya eva sīdataḥ
rājñaḥ rūpam grastasya aṃśumataḥ yathā na atibabhau

12. As the king kept turning back, sinking down upon the chariot tracks, his form did not shine brightly, just like the eclipsed sun (aṃśumat).

Words meanings summery:

• निवृत्य (nivṛtya) - having turned back (having turned back, having returned)

• एव (eva) - emphasizing repetition (indeed, just, only)

• निवृत्य (nivṛtya) - turning back (having turned back, having returned)

• एव (eva) - emphasizing repetition (indeed, just, only)

• सीदतः (sīdataḥ) - of him who was sinking down (of him who was sinking, of him who was languishing)

• रथवर्त्मसु (rathavartmasu) - upon the chariot tracks (on the chariot tracks, in the chariot paths)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• न (na) - not

• अतिबभौ (atibabhau) - shone brightly (shone exceedingly, glowed brilliantly)

• रूपम् (rūpam) - his form (form, appearance, beauty)

• ग्रस्तस्य (grastasya) - of the eclipsed one (of the seized, of the eclipsed)

• अंशुमतः (aṁśumataḥ) - of the sun (of the luminous, of the sun (possessor of rays))

• यथा (yathā) - just like (as, just as, like)

Words meanings and morphology

निवृत्य (nivṛtya) - having turned back (having turned back, having returned)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'vṛt' (to turn) with prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Repeated for emphasis with 'eva'.

एव (eva) - emphasizing repetition (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

निवृत्य (nivṛtya) - turning back (having turned back, having returned)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'vṛt' (to turn) with prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Repetition emphasizes continuous action.

एव (eva) - emphasizing repetition (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

सीदतः (sīdataḥ) - of him who was sinking down (of him who was sinking, of him who was languishing)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sīdat

sīdat - sinking, languishing, despairing

Present Active Participle

From root 'sad' (to sink, sit) in the present tense

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rājñaḥ'.

रथवर्त्मसु (rathavartmasu) - upon the chariot tracks (on the chariot tracks, in the chariot paths)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of rathavartman

rathavartman - chariot track, chariot road

Compound of 'ratha' (chariot) and 'vartman' (path, track)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+vartman)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• vartman – path, road, track
  noun (neuter)

Note: Location where the king was sinking.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Possessive, connected to 'rūpam'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'atibabhau'.

अतिबभौ (atibabhau) - shone brightly (shone exceedingly, glowed brilliantly)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of atibhā

Perfect, 3rd person singular with prefix 'ati'.

Prefix: ati

Root: bhā (class 2)

रूपम् (rūpam) - his form (form, appearance, beauty)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, appearance, shape, beauty

Note: Subject of 'atibabhau'.

ग्रस्तस्य (grastasya) - of the eclipsed one (of the seized, of the eclipsed)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of grasta

grasta - eaten, seized, eclipsed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'gras' (to seize, swallow)

Root: gras (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'aṃśumataḥ'.

अंशुमतः (aṁśumataḥ) - of the sun (of the luminous, of the sun (possessor of rays))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of aṃśumat

aṁśumat - having rays, radiant, the sun

From 'aṃśu' (ray) + '-mat' (possessive suffix)

Note: Refers to the sun.

यथा (yathā) - just like (as, just as, like)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a simile.